Israeli Legislation.com
OrdinanceTax Law

Income Tax Ordinance [New Version]

פקודת מס הכנסה [נוסח חדש]

Published: 1961-04-25Last amended 2026-06-08✓ Amendment status checked against the Knesset legislation record on 2026-09-04
Premium
Unofficial English translation — for reference only. It may contain errors or omissions and cannot be relied on as a legal text. Only the Hebrew text published in Reshumot is legally binding.More

This English text was translated from the official Hebrew using a range of translation tools, and it undergoes ongoing checks and updates. It is not a certified translation.

Despite these checks, it may contain errors, omissions, or imprecise renderings of legal terminology and cross-references, and it may not yet reflect the latest amendments. It cannot be relied upon as a legal text.

The Hebrew text as published in Reshumot (ספר החוקים) and on the Knesset website is the sole authoritative and legally binding version. In any discrepancy, the Hebrew text prevails.

This translation is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For use in legal proceedings, request a certified Expert Legal Opinion.

Part 5-A: Allotment of Shares to Employees

Allotment of Shares to Employees§

102.
(a)In this section —

"election" — an election by an employing company of one of two tax tracks for the allotment of shares to employees through a trustee, namely the employment income track or the capital gain track;

"controlling shareholder" — as defined in section 32(9);

"allotment of shares through a trustee" — an allotment of shares of an employing company to an employee, provided that the employee is not a controlling shareholder therein at the time of the allotment or as a result thereof and all of the following conditions are met:

(1)the shares, including any right conferred by virtue thereof, were deposited at the time of the allotment with a trustee until at least the end of the period;
(2)the company notified the assessing officer of its election as part of its application for approval of the plan, which was submitted at least 30 days before the time of the allotment;
(3)the allotment plan and the trustee were approved by the assessing officer; however, if the assessing officer did not respond within 90 days from the date of receipt of the notification, the allotment plan or the trustee, as the case may be, shall be deemed approved;

"employing company" — any one of the following:

(1)an employer that is a company resident in Israel or a company resident outside Israel that has a permanent establishment or a research and development centre in Israel, if the Director approved this (for this purpose — the employer);
(2)a company that is a controlling shareholder of the employer or in which the employer is a controlling shareholder;
(3)a company in which the same person is a controlling shareholder in both the employer and in such company;

"exercise date" —

(1)with respect to an allotment of shares through a trustee — the date of transfer of the share from the trustee to the employee or the date of sale of the share by the trustee, whichever is the earlier;
(2)with respect to an allotment of shares not through a trustee — the date of sale of the share, including the sale of a share originating from a right to purchase it;

"share" — including a right to purchase a share;

"share listed for trading on a stock exchange" — including a share in a company whose shares, all or some of them, are listed for trading on a stock exchange in Israel or outside Israel;

"trustee" — a person approved by the assessing officer as a trustee for the purposes of this section, including an employee;

"employee" — including an office holder in a company, but excluding a controlling shareholder;

"benefit value" — the consideration or the value at the exercise date, less expenses incurred by the employee in acquiring the share as adjusted from the date of expenditure to the exercise date, as well as expenses incurred by the employee in respect of the sale;

"end of the period" — any one of the following:

(1)the company elected the employment income track — a period of 12 months from the date on which the shares were allotted and deposited with a trustee;
(2)the company elected the capital gain track — a period of 24 months from the date on which the shares were allotted and deposited with a trustee;
(3)in an involuntary sale as defined in section 103 or in another type of sale prescribed by the Minister — the date of such a sale.
(b)The income of an employee from an allotment of shares in an employing company through a trustee shall not be charged to tax at the time of the allotment, and the following provisions shall apply at the exercise date:
(1)if the employing company elected the employment income track, the employee's income shall be regarded as income under section 2(1) or (2), as the case may be, in the amount of the benefit value;
(2)if the employing company elected the capital gain track, and the trustee held the shares until at least the end of the period, the employee's income shall be regarded as a capital gain in the amount of the benefit value, and the employee shall be charged tax thereon at a rate of 25%;
(3)notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2), if the allotted share is a share listed for trading on a stock exchange, or a share in a company whose shares were listed for trading within 90 days of the allotment date, the part of the benefit value equal to the average value of the company's shares on the stock exchange at the end of the thirty trading days preceding the allotment, or at the end of the thirty trading days following the listing for trading as aforesaid, as the case may be, less the expenses, shall be regarded as income under section 2(1) or (2), as the case may be, and the remainder of the benefit value shall be regarded as a capital gain chargeable to tax at a rate of 25%, provided that the amount determined as income under section 2(1) or (2) as aforesaid did not exceed the benefit value at the exercise date; for the purpose of adjusting the expenses incurred by an employee in acquiring the allotted share, such expenses shall be multiplied by the index on the allotment date or the listing date, as the case may be, and divided by the index on the date of expenditure, and all shall be adjusted from the allotment date or the listing date, as the case may be, to the exercise date;
(4)notwithstanding the provisions of this section, if the company elected the capital gain track and the exercise date falls before the end of the period, the employee's income shall be regarded as income under section 2(1) or (2), as the case may be.
(c)
(1)The income of an employee from an allotment of shares that is not an allotment through a trustee shall be charged to tax at the time of the allotment as income under the provisions of section 2(1) or (2), as the case may be, and at the exercise date — as income as referred to in Part 5 or Part 5-C, as the case may be;
(2)notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the income of an employee from an allotment of a right that is not listed for trading on a stock exchange to purchase a share not through a trustee shall not be charged to tax at the time of the allotment, and at the exercise date it shall be charged to tax as income under section 2(1) or (2), as the case may be.
(d)
(1)In an allotment of shares as referred to in subsections (b)(1) and (3) and (c)(1), the employing company in which the employee is employed shall be allowed to deduct a salary expense in respect of such an allotment in the amount of the employee's income under section 2(1) or (2) or in the amount of the participation sums with which it was charged in respect of its liability to the allotting employing company, whichever is the lower, and all in the tax year in which the tax in respect of the employee's income was withheld and remitted to the assessing officer;
(2)no expense shall be allowed to the company in connection with the sale of a share in respect of which the employing company elected the capital gain track, even if the share was sold before the end of the period as referred to in subsection (b)(4).
(e)The provisions of section 3(i) shall not apply to the allotment of shares to employees in an employing company, including to a commitment to such an allotment.
(f)Notwithstanding the provisions of section 100a, the rate of tax that shall apply to the portion of the gain chargeable to tax in the hands of an employee who has ceased to be a resident of Israel, as defined in that section, shall be in accordance with the tax rate prescribed in section 121, in any one of the following:
(1)in an allotment of shares through a trustee in respect of which the company elected the employment income track;
(2)in an allotment of shares through a trustee in respect of which the company elected the capital gain track, but the share was exercised before the end of the period;
(3)in an allotment of shares not through a trustee to which the provision of subsection (c)(2) applies.
(g)An election under this section shall apply to every employee to whom the shares were allotted, and to every allotment of shares carried out in the year following the end of the year in which the first allotment took place and thereafter, for as long as the company has not elected otherwise; a company shall not be entitled to elect otherwise unless at least one year has elapsed from the end of the year in which the first allotment was made after the previous election.
(h)The Director may prescribe any one of the following:
(1)conditions with respect to the allotment;
(2)provisions regarding the charge of tax on an employee where the conditions prescribed in this section or pursuant thereto, all or some of them, were not fulfilled in respect of him, due to the exercise of shares in an involuntary sale;
(3)(Repealed);
(4)rules with respect to the allotment of shares to an employee who is a non-resident, in respect of his period of employment in Israel;
(5)rules for the withholding of tax at source and for the submission of reports by the employing company and the trustee, and the determination of deadlines for their submission.

Need to cite this law in a foreign court?

Eli Shimony Israeli Attorneys-at-Law provides certified Expert Legal Opinions on Israeli law within 24–48 hours, accepted by courts worldwide.

Contact Us →

Part 5-B: Restructuring and Merger

Chapter I: Interpretation and Application

Definitions§

103.

In this Part —

every term shall have the meaning it has in Part 5 or in the Land Taxation Law, as the case may be, unless this Part contains another express provision;

"merger" —

(1)the transfer of all the assets and liabilities of a company or of a number of companies (hereinafter — transferring company) to another company (hereinafter — absorbing company), and the dissolution of the transferring company without winding up, pursuant to a merger order or pursuant to Chapter I of Part 8 of the Companies Law;
(2)for the purpose of section 103t, the transfer of at least 70% of the rights in a company or in each of the companies (hereinafter — transferred company) to another company in consideration for shares to be allotted in the other company, provided that the holders of rights and the parties related to them who transferred their rights in the transferred company, transferred all their rights in such a transfer to the other company (hereinafter — the other company shall also be called "absorbing company");
(3)the execution of a chain of mergers;

"asset" — any property, whether real property or movable property, and any right or benefit, contingent or vested, whether in Israel or outside Israel;

"merger order" — an order made pursuant to section 351 of the Companies Law;

"merger date" —

(1)with respect to a merger pursuant to a merger order — the end of the tax year in which the merger order was made or the end of the preceding tax year, provided that it shall not precede the date of submission of the application for the merger order;
(2)with respect to a merger pursuant to Chapter I of Part 8 of the Companies Law — the end of the tax year in which the merger took effect, provided that it shall not precede the date of the resolution of the general meeting of each of the merging companies pursuant to section 320(a) of the Companies Law;
(3)with respect to a merger pursuant to section 103t — the date of the share exchange;

"approved merger" — a merger that the court approved pursuant to section 321 of the Companies Law, or a merger that pursuant to a court decision under section 319 of the Companies Law may not be delayed or prevented from being carried out at the time fixed by the court;

"required period" —

(1)with respect to a merger pursuant to paragraph (1) of the definition of "merger" — the longer of the following two periods: a period of two years commencing on the merger date, or a period commencing on the merger date and ending one year after the end of the tax year in which the merger order was made or the merger was approved, as the case may be;
(2)with respect to a merger pursuant to paragraph (2) of the definition of "merger" — the period commencing on the merger date and ending two years from that date;
(3)with respect to the transfer of assets pursuant to sections 104a to 104c, or a split — a period of two years from the date of the transfer or from the date of the split, as the case may be;

"chain of mergers" — one or more additional mergers (hereinafter — additional merger), in which a company that participated in a previous merger participates, carried out during the required period of the previous merger, provided that the following two conditions are met:

(1)the eligibility conditions under section 103c are met with respect to each of the mergers;
(2)the conditions prescribed under section 103c(6) would also have been met if the first merger in the chain of mergers and each additional merger had been carried out as a single merger at the date of the additional merger; for this purpose, the market value of each of the companies that participated in the merger at the date of the first merger and at each of the dates of the additional mergers shall be taken into account, as adjusted according to the rate of increase of the index from the date of the merger in which each of the companies participated until the date of the last additional merger;

"related party", in relation to a body of persons (in this definition — corporation), or in relation to an individual — a person in whom any one of the following applies:

(1)a relative as defined in section 76;
(2)a controlling shareholder in the corporation;
(3)a body of persons in which the corporation or the individual is a controlling shareholder;
(4)the corporation and the body of persons have the same controlling shareholder;

"right in a body of persons" — a right in a body of persons that confers any of the rights listed below, granted whether under the constitutional documents of the body of persons or pursuant thereto or under an agreement with a member of the body of persons:

(1)membership in a body of persons, or a right to its assets on winding up, or a right to its profits, or a right to its management, or a right to vote therein, as well as any other right in the member;
(2)an option or a right of claim in relation to each of the rights specified in paragraph (1), from the member or from a holder of any of the said rights;
(3)a right to direct, directly or indirectly, the holder of any of the rights specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), as to the manner of exercising his right;

"trust fund" — (Repealed)

"provident fund" — (Repealed)

"split" — the transfer of assets and liabilities of a company (hereinafter — the splitting company) to another company or to a number of other companies (hereinafter — the new company);

"capital reduction order" — (Repealed)

"market value" — the amount that could have been obtained in a sale from a willing seller to a willing buyer between whom no special relationships exist;

"involuntary sale" — a sale that is one of the following:

(1)inheritance;
(2)a sale in the framework of involuntary winding-up proceedings under the Companies Ordinance;
(3)a sale in the framework of bankruptcy proceedings;
(4)another type of sale prescribed by the Minister of Finance in Regulations;

"stock exchange" — (Repealed)

"regulated market" — (Repealed)

"controlling shareholder" — as defined in section 3(i)(1)(c);

"restructuring" — a merger, split or transfer of assets in consideration for shares, all pursuant to this Part.

Application to Registered Partnerships, Co-operative Societies, Trust Funds, Associations, Government Companies, Government Subsidiaries and Research and Development-Intensive Companies§

103a.
(a)The provisions of this Part shall also apply to restructurings of registered partnerships, co-operative societies and associations, or to restructurings to which one of the parties is a registered partnership, a co-operative society or an association, as well as to trust funds of the same type, all with such necessary modifications and such additional modifications as the Director may direct; in this subsection, "registered partnership" — a registered partnership under the Partnerships Ordinance [New Version], 5735-1975, that has been approved by the Director for this purpose.
(a1)The Director, in consultation with the Director of the Government Companies Authority, may approve that the provisions of this Part shall apply to government companies and government subsidiaries with such modifications as he prescribed, including the non-application of some of the provisions of this Part, provided that the rate of holding of the State or of the Development Authority within the meaning of the Development Authority (Transfer of Assets) Law, 5710-1950, in the rights to profits and the rights to assets upon winding up, in such companies, directly or indirectly, shall not fall below 90% at the time of the restructuring; in this subsection, "Director of the Companies Authority", "government company", and "government subsidiary" — as defined in the Government Companies Law, 5735-1975.
(b)It may be prescribed, in Regulations with the approval of the Finance Committee of the Knesset, that the provisions of this Part shall apply to restructurings of research and development-intensive companies, as shall be defined in the Regulations, with such modifications as are set out therein.

Authority to Modify Conditions§

103a1.
(a)The Minister of Finance, with the approval of the Finance Committee of the Knesset, may, by Regulations, increase any ratio prescribed in section 103c, change the holding rates required in that section or shorten the required period, all for the purpose of the conditions of eligibility for tax benefits under this Part; Regulations under this section may be made for certain types of restructurings or for certain types of restructurings in certain companies, having regard to the unique characteristics of such companies in the economy.
(b)The Director may, notwithstanding the definition of "merger date" in section 103 and notwithstanding the provision of section 105c(9), prescribe a different merger date or a different split date, subject to conditions he prescribed.

Need to cite this law in a foreign court?

Eli Shimony Israeli Attorneys-at-Law provides certified Expert Legal Opinions on Israeli law within 24–48 hours, accepted by courts worldwide.

Contact Us →

Page 19 of 35

Read the entire law on one page — continuous text, no page breaks, plus PDF downloads.