OrdinanceAdministrative Law
Traffic Ordinance [New Version]
פקודת התעבורה [נוסח חדש]
Published: 1961-08-01Consolidated Hebrew text as of 2026-06-14 · Last amended 2026-07-28✓ Amendment status checked against the Knesset legislation record on 2026-09-28
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Section C-2: Shared Ride in a Taxi
Definitions§
14s.
In this Section –
"meter", "special ride" and "special ride licence" – as defined pursuant to the Ordinance;
"estimated price for a special ride" – the price that would have been paid for a ride to the requested destination had it taken place as a special ride, as estimated in accordance with the calculation rules published on the website of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety or in another manner in respect of which notice has been given on that website;
"shared ride" – a ride in a taxi by several passengers who booked their ride in advance, from one or more pick-up points to one or more destinations, in accordance with each passenger's choice, for which each passenger pays separately.
Shared Ride in a Taxi§
14t.
In a taxi for which a special ride licence has been granted, passengers may be carried on a shared ride, in accordance with the provisions pursuant to this Section.
Booking a Shared Ride§
14u.
A taxi driver shall carry on a shared ride only a passenger who has booked his ride in advance by means of an online or telephone service, provided that at the time of booking all of the following apply:
(1)the following details have been provided to the person booking the ride:
(a)the price of the shared ride in accordance with the provisions of section 14v;
(b)the estimated price for a special ride;
(c)an estimated travel time to the requested destination;
(d)the maximum number of stops for the purpose of picking up and setting down passengers until they are set down at the requested destination;
(2)the person booking the ride has agreed to all of the following:
(a)the price of the shared ride, in accordance with the provisions of section 14v;
(b)his pick-up and drop-off point;
(c)his estimated pick-up time.
Shared Ride Fare§
14v.
(a)The shared ride fare agreed upon pursuant to section 14u(2)(a) shall be lower than the estimated price for a special ride by a rate no less than the rate prescribed by the Minister by Order with the consent of the Minister of Finance, and shall not be variable during the ride.
(b)In a shared ride, a meter shall not be operated.
Regulations in Respect of Licences§
14w.
(a)The Minister, with the approval of the Economics Committee of the Knesset, may prescribe provisions in respect of the following matters:
(1)the manner of booking a shared ride;
(2)the manner of payment for a shared ride and the date of payment;
(3)supervision and control over the operation of a shared ride, including reporting obligations applicable to a holder of a taxi operating licence or to a taxi driver in respect of a shared ride.
(b)Regulations pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall be prescribed with the consent of the Minister of Finance.
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Contact Us →Section D: Instruction Licence
Driving Schools§
15.
A person shall not maintain or manage a school for driving a motor vehicle, except under a licence from the licensing authority and in accordance with the conditions that have been prescribed.
Driving Instructors§
16.
(a)A person shall not engage in driving instruction, except under a licence from the licensing authority and in accordance with the conditions that have been prescribed.
(b)A person who holds a driving instruction licence shall not use, while giving driving instruction, a fixed or mobile telephone, except by means of a hands-free device; in this section –
"hands-free device" – a device that enables the use of a telephone without holding it, provided that if the device is located in the telephone, the telephone shall be placed in the vehicle in a stable manner that prevents it from falling;
"telephone" – an appliance designed for communication that has dial buttons.
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Contact Us →Section E: Licence for a Transportation Facility
Transportation Facility§
16a.
(a)A person shall not maintain or operate a transportation facility, unless he has received a licence from the Traffic Supervisor pursuant to this section and in accordance with its conditions.
(b)The Minister shall prescribe conditions for the grant of a licence for a transportation facility, including in respect of the period of its validity, with the aim of ensuring regular, orderly and fair service to passengers in public transport and to other users of the facility.
(c)The Traffic Supervisor may revoke a licence granted pursuant to this section, or suspend it for a period that he has prescribed, if he is satisfied that a condition of its conditions has been breached or for reasons of the welfare of the users of the public.
Use of a Transportation Facility§
16b.
(a)If the Traffic Supervisor considers that the proper operation of a service line, the existence of competition or reasons of public welfare require the use of a transportation facility, he may require the holder or operator of the transportation facility to permit the use of the facility by any holder of a service line licence, and may also prescribe the manner of such use and its scope.
(b)The holder or operator of a transportation facility, whose transportation facility is used pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a), may demand a reasonable price for the use; in the absence of agreement on the price – the Minister and the Minister of Finance shall determine the price on the basis of the total cost of the use, plus a reasonable profit.
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Contact Us →Section F: Experimental Operation of an Autonomous Vehicle without a Driver
Purpose – Section F§
16c.
The purpose of this Section is to prescribe arrangements that will enable the operation of an autonomous vehicle without a driver, on a road, for the purpose of conducting an experiment, while maintaining the safety of passengers in the vehicle and road users and using a variety of technologies, in order to bring about the consolidation of a knowledge base regarding the safety of the autonomous vehicle, its ability to integrate safely among road users and to provide service to passengers and its impact on traffic on the road, to enable the said knowledge to be made accessible to the public and to establish public trust in it.
Definitions – Section F§
16d.
In this Section –
"safety event" – an event that affected or could have affected the safety of the operation of an autonomous vehicle, including a breach of a provision of the provisions pursuant to this Ordinance in respect of conduct on a road;
"serious safety event" – a safety event as a result of which a person was harmed or significant damage to property was caused;
"cyber protection" – protection of a computer, computer material and data communications to and from the computer against a cyber attack, including actions for the detection, preparation for, prevention of or handling of such an attack and the reduction of damage caused by it, during it or after it; for this purpose, "data communications" means the transfer of computer material from one computer to another by means of communication or connection of a computer with another computer;
"operating permit" – a permit for the operation of an autonomous vehicle for the purpose of an experiment, granted by the National Traffic Supervisor pursuant to section 16f;
"operation", in respect of an autonomous vehicle – the giving of a command in machine-readable language to an autonomous driving system, causing one or more journeys of an autonomous vehicle, without a driver, regardless of the destination or route of the journey;
"experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle" – operation for the purpose of conducting an experiment in the vehicle as referred to in the opening provision of section 16f;
"the Advisory Committee" – the committee established pursuant to section 16u;
"computer material", "computer", "output", "machine-readable language" and "software" – as defined in the Computers Law, 5755-1995;
"autonomous driving system" – a hardware and software system installed in a vehicle, meeting the requirements prescribed pursuant to section 16n and capable on its own of doing all of the following:
(1)performing the act of driving the vehicle without a driver;
(2)maintaining secured two-way communication with the control centre;
(3)transitioning to a minimal risk condition and operating in that condition, when there is an impediment to the continuation of the journey by means of the system;
"minimal risk condition" – an operating condition of an autonomous vehicle, designed to minimise as far as possible the risk of harm to road users, of causing damage to property or of disruption to traffic, by the vehicle, including a condition of complete stoppage of the autonomous vehicle at the side of the road and, to the extent possible, not in the travel lane on the road;
"inspector" – a person authorised pursuant to section 16r as an inspector for the purposes of this Section;
"operational domain", in respect of an autonomous driving system – the environmental and physical conditions in which an autonomous driving system can operate, including conditions relating to geographic area, volume of traffic, time, weather and type of road;
"control centre" – a manned installation available at all times to the holder of a permit, by means of which secured two-way communication can be maintained with an autonomous driving system, for any of the following purposes:
(1)giving an instruction to an autonomous driving system to perform a particular driving action;
(2)giving an instruction to an autonomous driving system to transfer a vehicle to a minimal risk condition when there is an impediment to the continuation of the journey by means of the system, on its own initiative or pursuant to an indication from the system;
(3)receiving messages from the autonomous driving system, including a message regarding the transfer of a vehicle to a minimal risk condition;
"experiment", in an autonomous vehicle – the use of new technology or a new use of existing technology, in the operation of an autonomous vehicle, with the aim of examining the manner of functioning on a road of that technology;
"control" – as defined in the Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting), 5742-1982;
"cyber attack" – one of the following:
(1)an action performed on computer material that is designed to harm a computer, computer material or data communications to or from the computer;
(2)access to computer material or to data communications to or from the computer, without authorisation.
Obligation to obtain an operating permit§
16e.
(a)No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a road by means of an autonomous driving system unless that person holds an operating permit in respect of that vehicle, and in accordance with its conditions and the provisions under this Ordinance.
(b)A person who owns or holds an autonomous vehicle shall not enter into an agreement with another person for the operation of the vehicle unless that other person holds an operating permit in respect of that vehicle.
(c)The provisions of this section shall not apply in respect of the operation on a road of an autonomous vehicle without passengers, by means of an autonomous driving system, for which the National Traffic Superintendent has granted an exemption from one or more provisions of the Traffic Regulations pursuant to his authority under those Regulations, provided that all of the following conditions are met:
(1)the operation is carried out in the presence of a holder of a driving licence seated in the driver's seat or in any other seat from which all driving operations can be performed;
(2)conditions that the National Traffic Superintendent has prescribed, and for as long as the vehicle is operated in accordance with the conditions set within the framework of the exemption.
Conditions for granting an operating permit§
16f.
(a)The National Traffic Superintendent may grant a permit for the operation of an autonomous vehicle without a driver, one or more, by means of an autonomous driving system, on a road, for the purpose of conducting a trial with the vehicle, including while transporting passengers, for consideration or without consideration, to a person who has submitted an application therefor under section 16g (in this section – the applicant), if all of the following conditions are met and subject to the provisions of subsection (d):
(1)the applicant is a company incorporated in Israel under the Companies Law, 5759-1999 (in this section – the Companies Law), whose principal place of business is in Israel;
(2)the applicant, a controlling shareholder of the applicant or an office holder thereof has not been convicted of a criminal offence or a disciplinary offence which, by reason of its nature, gravity or circumstances, renders the applicant unfit to be the holder of a permit, and no indictment or complaint has been filed against any of them in respect of such an offence; for this purpose, "office holder" – as defined in the Companies Law;
(3)the applicant operates a control centre located in Israel or has entered into an agreement with such a control centre for the purpose of operating an autonomous vehicle, and the conditions set out in the Fourteenth Schedule are met in respect of the control centre;
(4)the applicant has demonstrated the existence of infrastructure for secured two-way communication between the control centre referred to in paragraph (3) and the autonomous driving system installed in the autonomous vehicle that is the subject of the application;
(5)the applicant has submitted to the National Traffic Superintendent a detailed operating plan in accordance with the provisions of the Fourteenth Schedule and has demonstrated its ability to implement that plan;
(6)the applicant has conducted, at the time of planning the operation, a documented risk-management process in which measures were taken to reduce risks, including measures relating to cyber protection;
(7)the applicant has demonstrated that it will be able to fulfil the obligations applicable to a permit holder under section 16l;
(8)the applicant holds a valid insurance policy under the Insurance Ordinance that it has purchased, insuring the operation of the autonomous vehicle in respect of which the permit is sought, and if the Minister of Finance has prescribed a third-party liability insurance obligation as referred to in section 61q(c) – the applicant also holds such a valid insurance policy that it has purchased; notwithstanding the foregoing, if the applicant did not hold such a policy at the time of submission of the application, it may hold, in lieu of the policy, a letter of undertaking to produce a policy from an insurer, but it shall not commence operation under the permit without a valid insurance policy;
(9)the Minister has prescribed, under subsection (c)(1), that the applicant must furnish a guarantee or an undertaking as referred to in that subsection – the applicant has furnished a guarantee or an undertaking as aforesaid;
(10)the applicant has presented a cyber-protection plan for all the systems required for the operation of the autonomous vehicle, as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule;
(11)every additional condition that the Minister has prescribed under subsection (c) is met.
(b)The Minister may prescribe additional provisions to those set out in the Fourteenth Schedule in respect of the conditions referred to in subsection (a), including provisions on the following matters:
(1)the management and operation of the control centre, including provisions on the following matters –
(a)the recruitment of employees to the centre, including eligibility conditions and conditions relating to criminal record;
(b)a training programme for employees of the centre;
(2)the submission of a detailed operating plan as referred to in subsection (a)(5) and the particulars to be included in such a plan, including the following particulars:
(a)if the autonomous driving system installed in the autonomous vehicle is a system that can operate only within an operational domain defined therein – a description of the operational domain and a description of the conduct of the autonomous vehicle in the event of departure from that domain;
(b)a safety plan in respect of the operation and conduct of the autonomous vehicle in various situations;
(c)measures for protection against cyber attacks.
(c)The Minister may prescribe by Regulations –
(1)provisions in respect of guarantees and undertakings that a holder of an operating permit must furnish in order to secure compliance with the conditions of the permit and fulfilment of the purposes of this Section and the provisions thereunder, including the manner of their forfeiture or enforcement;
(2)ways of demonstrating the fulfilment of the conditions listed in subsection (a);
(3)conditions for obtaining an operating permit, in addition to the conditions listed in subsection (a).
(d)The number of autonomous vehicles in respect of which the National Traffic Superintendent may grant a permit for operation under the provisions of this section shall not exceed 500; the Minister, after consulting with the Minister of Finance and with the approval of the Economics Committee of the Knesset, may, by Order, change that number, having regard, inter alia, to the experience that will accumulate from the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle under this Section.
Application for an operating permit and its grant§
16g.
(a)An applicant for an operating permit shall submit to the National Traffic Superintendent an application for an operating permit; the National Traffic Superintendent shall give directions regarding the manner of submission of an application for an operating permit, including submission by digital means.
(b)In deciding whether to grant an operating permit under this Section, the National Traffic Superintendent shall consider, inter alia, the following:
(1)the safety of road users during the operation of the autonomous vehicle, including the safety of its passengers;
(2)the anticipated effect on the flow of traffic on roads and on the ability of an emergency vehicle, as defined under this Ordinance, to operate, as a result of the experimental operation of the autonomous vehicle, and other effects that the operation may have on traffic and on road users.
(c)If the Advisory Committee has submitted a report to the Minister under the provisions of section 16u(c)(7), the National Traffic Superintendent shall take the contents thereof into account when issuing a decision as referred to in subsection (b).
(d)The National Traffic Superintendent may require an applicant for an operating permit to provide any information required by him for the purpose of making a decision on an application for an operating permit, and the applicant shall furnish him with any information so required.
(e)If the National Traffic Superintendent has granted an operating permit under the provisions of this section, he shall notify the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police without delay of the grant of the permit and its particulars.
Conditions in an operating permit§
16h.
(a)In an operating permit the National Traffic Superintendent shall prescribe the following:
(1)conditions for carrying out the experimental operation, including –
(a)provisions in respect of the transportation of passengers in an autonomous vehicle used within the framework of the experimental operation, for consideration or without consideration;
(b)after consulting with the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police – one or more areas in which the experimental operation is to be carried out; if the position of the Head of the Traffic Division has not been conveyed as aforesaid within 21 days from the day on which the National Traffic Superintendent approached him on the matter, it shall be deemed, upon the expiry of that period, as if the obligation to consult with him under this sub-paragraph has been fulfilled;
(c)if the autonomous driving system installed in the autonomous vehicle in respect of which the permit was granted can operate only if an operational domain is defined therein and in accordance with that domain – the operational domain as aforesaid;
(d)provisions in respect of cyber protection;
(2)the number of autonomous vehicles as aforesaid that the permit holder may operate within the framework of the experimental operation, as well as particulars in respect of those vehicles that the Minister has prescribed, if prescribed.
(b)The National Traffic Superintendent may prescribe in an operating permit obligations that shall apply to the permit holder in addition to the obligations under section 16l, and provisions in respect of the management and operation of the control centre, which shall apply in addition to the provisions prescribed by the Minister under section 16f(b)(1).
(c)The National Traffic Superintendent may, at any time during the period of validity of an operating permit, vary, including by adding or removing, conditions that he prescribed in the permit under subsections (a) and (b), provided that he has first given the permit holder an opportunity to state his arguments; the variation of conditions as aforesaid may be made, inter alia, in accordance with an incident investigation as referred to in section 16o(d); if conditions have been so varied, the National Traffic Superintendent shall notify the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police thereof without delay.
(d)When prescribing conditions and obligations and variations thereto under this section, the National Traffic Superintendent shall consider, inter alia, the considerations listed in section 16g(b).
Period of an operating permit and its renewal§
16i.
(a)An operating permit shall be valid for three years, unless the applicant for the permit requested that the operating permit be granted for a shorter period, or if the National Traffic Superintendent decided to grant it for a shorter period, for reasons that he shall specify in his decision.
(b)Subject to the provisions of section 16k, the National Traffic Superintendent, after consulting with the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police, may renew the period of validity of an operating permit for additional periods at the request of the permit holder, provided that the total period of validity of the permit does not exceed nine years; if the position of the Head of the Traffic Division has not been conveyed as aforesaid within 14 days from the day on which the National Traffic Superintendent approached him on the matter, it shall be deemed, upon the expiry of that period, as if the obligation to consult with him under this subsection has been fulfilled.
(c)The National Traffic Superintendent may renew the period of validity of an operating permit as referred to in subsection (b), if he is of the opinion that the continuation of the experimental operation of the autonomous vehicle in respect of which the permit was granted is required in order to achieve the objectives of the trial, provided that the conditions for granting the permit as referred to in section 16f and the conditions in the permit as referred to in section 16h continue to be met, and the permit holder has fulfilled the obligations applicable to it under the Ordinance; a decision of the National Traffic Superintendent on the renewal of the permit shall be issued within a period not exceeding 90 days from the day of submission of the application for renewal of the permit's validity.
Prohibition of transfer§
16j.
(a)An operating permit granted under this Section is not transferable except with the approval of the National Traffic Superintendent and in accordance with his conditions.
(b)The transfer of control in a holder of an operating permit requires prior written approval from the National Traffic Superintendent, who may determine that such a transfer requires a new operating permit.
(c)Approval under subsection (b) shall be granted within 60 days from the day of submission of the application for approval, if the National Traffic Superintendent is satisfied that all the conditions required for the grant of an operating permit are met in respect of the transferee.
Use of a transportation facility§
16k.
(a)The National Traffic Superintendent may revoke an operating permit, suspend it until such conditions as he shall direct are fulfilled, restrict it or refuse to renew it, if one of the following applies:
(1)the permit was granted on the basis of false, erroneous, misleading or incomplete information;
(2)a condition among the conditions for obtaining the permit has ceased to be met;
(3)the permit holder has breached a material condition of the permit;
(4)the permit holder has breached an obligation or prohibition applicable to it under this Ordinance;
(5)an autonomous vehicle operated under the permit was involved in a serious safety incident;
(6)an order for the commencement of proceedings under the Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law, 5778-2018 is pending against the permit holder, the permit holder has resolved to wind itself up voluntarily, or a court has appointed a receiver for it or ordered its winding up.
(b)The National Traffic Superintendent shall not revoke, suspend, restrict or refuse to renew an operating permit under this section except after giving the permit holder an opportunity to state its arguments; however, if the National Traffic Superintendent has reasonable grounds to believe that a ground listed in subsection (a) is met in respect of a holder of an operating permit, and is satisfied that as a result there is an urgent need to suspend the permit in order to protect public safety, he may suspend the permit immediately, provided that he gives the permit holder an opportunity to state its arguments as soon as possible after the suspension, and no later than the expiry of 30 days from the date of the suspension; a suspension as aforesaid shall be for the minimum period required.
(c)The National Traffic Superintendent shall notify the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police, without delay, of the revocation of an operating permit, its suspension, restriction or refusal to renew it under this section.
Obligations of a permit holder§
16l.
(a)The holder of an operating permit shall fulfil the obligations imposed on it as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule.
(b)
(1)In addition to that stated in subsection (a), a holder of an operating permit shall retain the information collected as referred to in the Fourteenth Schedule and additional information that the Minister may prescribe (in this subsection – information), and shall transmit it to the National Traffic Superintendent and also to the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police or to a person on his behalf; in respect of the obligation to transmit information to the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police or to a person on his behalf, a holder of an operating permit shall also transmit information in real time, if this is urgently required by the Israel Police due to an incident connected to the operation of an autonomous vehicle;
(2)the National Traffic Superintendent shall transmit the information received under paragraph (1) to the Director of the National Road Safety Authority and also to another body that the Minister has prescribed, with the approval of the Economics Committee of the Knesset, for the purpose of fulfilling their functions under law;
(3)a holder of an operating permit shall not transmit information that enables the identification of a person who is not a participant in the experimental operation on behalf of the permit holder and who has not consented to the transmission of such information.
(c)The collection and retention of information under this section shall be carried out in a manner that minimises, as far as possible, the risk of harm to the privacy of the passengers in the autonomous vehicle and of other road users.
(d)Nothing in the provisions of subsection (b) shall prevent the transfer of information from the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety to the National Cyber Directorate for the purpose of fulfilling its functions.
(e)The Minister may prescribe additional obligations and requirements that shall apply to a holder of an operating permit in respect of its activity under the operating permit, on the following matters:
(1)the manner of retaining information collected under this section and the duration of its retention; nothing in the provisions under this paragraph shall derogate from the provisions under the Privacy Protection Law, 5741-1981;
(2)the transportation of passengers in an autonomous vehicle within the framework of the operation;
(3)the manner of fulfilling the obligations listed in this section and in the Fourteenth Schedule, including requirements relating to cyber protection.
(f)A holder of an operating permit shall inform every passenger in an autonomous vehicle that their journey in that vehicle is within the framework of the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle.
(g)A holder of an operating permit shall submit to the National Traffic Superintendent a periodic report, inter alia on extraordinary incidents that occurred during the experimental operation, and a summary report on the experimental operation, all as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule; the National Traffic Superintendent may direct a holder of an operating permit to include in such reports additional particulars as he shall direct.
Exemption from application, application with adaptations or imposition of provisions in respect of an autonomous vehicle§
16m.
(a)
(1)The Minister may prescribe by Regulations –
(a)that a provision among the provisions under this Ordinance, applying in respect of a motor vehicle or the systems installed therein, shall not apply in respect of an autonomous vehicle or the systems installed therein, or that it shall apply with such adaptations as he shall prescribe;
(b)that a provision among the provisions under this Ordinance, applying in respect of the owner of a vehicle, shall not apply in respect of a holder of an operating permit, or that it shall apply with such adaptations as he shall prescribe;
(c)that a provision among the provisions under this Ordinance, applying in respect of the driver of a motor vehicle or the driving of such a vehicle, shall apply in respect of the operator of an autonomous vehicle or the operation of such a vehicle, with or without adaptations as he shall prescribe;
(2)the Minister may make the exemption from application, the adaptations or the application of the provisions referred to in paragraph (1)(a) to (c) subject to conditions, and he may prescribe provisions that shall apply in lieu of provisions from which an exemption as aforesaid has been granted.
(b)The National Traffic Superintendent may, after having considered the considerations referred to in section 16g(b), and if he has found that it is required in respect of a specific holder of an operating permit in order to achieve the purpose for which the operating permit was granted, prescribe in the operating permit that the permit holder shall be exempt from the application of additional provisions beyond the provisions that the Minister has prescribed by Regulations under subsection (a), as detailed in Parts 1, 3 of the Thirteenth Schedule, all or some of them, or that those provisions shall apply to it with adaptations as he shall prescribe as aforesaid, and he may, in the permit, make the exemption from application or the adaptations subject to conditions or prescribe provisions that shall apply to the permit holder in lieu of the provisions from which an exemption as aforesaid has been granted.
(c)The National Traffic Superintendent shall not exercise his authority under subsection (b) in respect of the provisions listed in Part 1 of the Thirteenth Schedule except after consulting with the licensing authority, and in respect of the provisions listed in Part 3 of that Schedule – after consulting with the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police; if the position of the Head of the Traffic Division has not been conveyed as aforesaid within 21 days from the day on which the National Traffic Superintendent approached him on the matter, it shall be deemed, upon the expiry of that period, as if the obligation to consult with him under this subsection has been fulfilled.
(d)If the National Traffic Superintendent has acted in accordance with his authority under subsection (b), he shall notify the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police thereof in such manner as they shall agree upon.
(e)Notwithstanding that stated in this section, in respect of the operation of an autonomous vehicle as a taxi, the Minister or the National Traffic Superintendent shall not prescribe Regulations or provisions under subsections (a) or (b), as the case may be, regarding exemption, adaptations or changes from provisions under this Ordinance relating to the operation of a taxi, including in respect of a licence for the operation of a taxi and fees under Section C of Chapter II, unless this is required by reason of operating such a vehicle without a driver or by reason of using the technological means installed therein in order to comply with the provisions under this Section.
Licence for an autonomous vehicle§
16n.
Without derogating from the provisions under this Ordinance in respect of the grant of a vehicle licence, the licensing authority shall grant a vehicle licence for an autonomous vehicle in accordance with the provisions and conditions as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule, including –
(1)conditions in respect of cyber protection for the systems of the autonomous vehicle that are not the autonomous driving system;
(2)conditions in respect of the autonomous driving system installed in the autonomous vehicle, including conditions on the following matters:
(a)the capabilities, safety and reliability of the system, including in all that relates to cyber protection;
(b)the compatibility of the system with the autonomous vehicle;
(3)ways of demonstrating the fulfilment of the conditions referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2), including –
(a)the conditions listed in paragraph (1), the demonstration of whose fulfilment shall be made inter alia by relying on a document, including a declaration on behalf of the manufacturer of the vehicle or the systems;
(b)the conditions listed in paragraph (2), the demonstration of whose fulfilment shall be made inter alia by way of conducting a trial or a laboratory test.
Safety Incident and Serious Safety Incident§
16o.
(a)If a safety incident occurs, the holder of an operating permit of the autonomous vehicle involved in the incident shall report thereon, in writing, to the National Traffic Superintendent and to the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police, within 24 hours of the occurrence of the incident, and in respect of such an incident that is a serious safety incident – without delay; the report shall be delivered through an office holder responsible for the matter at the operating permit holder, as the National Traffic Superintendent shall determine in the operating permit.
(b)A report as referred to in subsection (a) shall include, inter alia, a description of the safety incident, its time and location, details of the autonomous vehicle involved therein, information on casualties or damage caused thereby, information from cameras and sensors in the autonomous vehicle, details of another vehicle that was involved in the incident, if any, and any other detail that may contribute to the understanding of the circumstances of the incident and its causes, all as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule.
(c)The Minister may prescribe additional provisions in respect of a report as referred to in this Section, including in respect of the manner of reporting, the details to be included therein and the duty to report on additional information related to the incident that is in the possession of the permit holder.
(d)
(1)In this subsection, "incident investigation" – a report comprising an investigation of a safety incident and the lessons drawn in its wake;
(2)If a safety incident occurs, the National Traffic Superintendent may require the holder of the operating permit of the autonomous vehicle involved in the incident to submit to him an incident investigation; if such a requirement is made, the permit holder shall submit the investigation within a period of time that the National Traffic Superintendent directs;
(3)If a serious safety incident occurs, the holder of the operating permit of the autonomous vehicle involved in the incident shall submit an incident investigation to the National Traffic Superintendent, within a period of time to be determined in the operating permit;
(4)The National Traffic Superintendent shall, as soon as possible, transmit an incident investigation that was submitted pursuant to paragraphs (2) and (3) to the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police; if the incident included a cyber attack, the National Traffic Superintendent shall also transmit the incident investigation to the Head of the Israel National Cyber Directorate;
(5)The National Traffic Superintendent, an employee of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety or a person acting on their behalf, or any person into whose hands an incident investigation has come pursuant to this subsection, shall not disclose the information contained therein, in whole or in part, and shall not make any use thereof except for the purpose of implementing the provisions pursuant to this Ordinance, or pursuant to an order of a court, or if the consent of the relevant operating permit holder has been given.
(e)If a serious safety incident occurs, the National Traffic Superintendent may, if he considers it immediately required for the protection of public welfare and the preservation of safety, in addition to his authority to amend conditions set in a permit as referred to in section 16h(c), give any instruction to an operating permit holder, including an instruction to cease, fully or partially, the experimental operation of the autonomous vehicle for a period that he directs, provided that he has given the permit holder an opportunity to present his arguments before a decision to give such an instruction is made.
(f)Without derogating from the provisions of section 16k, if a serious safety incident occurs and the National Traffic Superintendent considers that there is an urgent need to suspend the operating permit for the purpose of the immediate protection of public welfare, he may suspend the permit forthwith, provided that he gives the permit holder an opportunity to present his arguments as soon as possible after the suspension, and not later than the expiry of 30 days from the date of the suspension; such a suspension shall be for the minimum period required; the National Traffic Superintendent shall without delay give notice of the suspension of an operating permit as aforesaid to the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police.
(g)If a cyber attack is carried out against the systems of an autonomous vehicle that may lead to a safety incident, or if there is a concern that such an attack will be carried out, the holder of the operating permit of the autonomous vehicle shall report thereon to an employee of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety appointed by the Minister for this purpose, and shall provide him with information regarding the said attack, all as detailed in the Fourteenth Schedule.
Information for the Public§
16p.
(a)The National Traffic Superintendent shall publish for the public on the website of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety information as detailed below, and he may publish, as aforesaid, additional details on the operation of an autonomous vehicle that he considers should be brought to the attention of the public, or publish them, in whole or in part, by additional means:
(1)information on valid operating permits, including, inter alia, for each permit, the details of the permit holder, the operating space of the autonomous vehicle in respect of the operation of which the permit applies, the areas in which experimental operation may be carried out pursuant to the permit, the number of autonomous vehicles in respect of the operation of which the permit applies, the period of validity of the permit and the material conditions set therein;
(2)a notice of the cancellation of an operating permit, its suspension, its restriction or a refusal to renew it, pursuant to sections 16k and 16o(f).
(b)If a serious safety incident occurs, the National Traffic Superintendent shall publish, as soon as possible after the occurrence of the incident, information on the incident that shall include details that he considers should be brought to the attention of the public.
(c)The National Traffic Superintendent shall not publish pursuant to the provisions of this Section details that constitute information that a public authority is precluded from providing pursuant to section 9(a) of the Freedom of Information Law, 5758-1998, and he may refrain from publishing pursuant to this Section details that constitute information that a public authority is not required to provide pursuant to section 9(b) of that Law.
Insurance§
16q.
(a)Notwithstanding any law, an operating permit holder is not entitled to purchase from the pool a insurance policy pursuant to the requirements of the Insurance Ordinance.
(b)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), during a period of three years from the determining date, an operating permit holder who has not obtained insurance coverage directly from an insurer may purchase from the pool an insurance policy pursuant to the requirements of the Insurance Ordinance; the Minister of Finance, after consulting with the Commissioner of Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings who has examined, inter alia, the availability of insurance coverage through insurers and the pure risk cost of autonomous vehicles, and after he too has weighed the said considerations, may extend by Order the said period by additional periods that shall not together exceed three years.
(c)The Minister of Finance, after consulting with the Commissioner of Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings, may prescribe that an operating permit holder is required to purchase a third-party liability insurance policy in respect of property damage that may be caused by the operation of an autonomous vehicle by means of an autonomous driving system.
(d)In this Section –
"insurer" and "the pool" – as defined in the Motor Vehicle Insurance Law (Insurance Under Conditions of Controlled Competition, Transitional Arrangements and Provisions Regarding Avner), 5757-1997;
"the determining date" – the date on which any application for an operating permit was first submitted by any of the permit applicants pursuant to the provisions of section 16g; the Minister shall publish a notice of that date in the Reshumot (Official Gazette);
"pure risk cost" – as defined in section 7a(a) of the Insurance Ordinance.
Authorisation of Inspectors§
16r.
(a)The Minister may authorise, from among the employees of his Ministry, inspectors who shall be vested with the powers under section 16s, in whole or in part, for the purpose of supervising the implementation of the provisions pursuant to this Section.
(b)A person shall not be authorised as an inspector pursuant to subsection (a) unless all of the following conditions are met in respect of him:
(1)he has not been convicted of an offence that, by reason of its nature, gravity or circumstances, renders him unfit, in the Minister's opinion, to be an inspector;
(2)he has received appropriate training in the field of the powers that will be vested in him pursuant to this Section, as the Minister has directed;
(3)he meets additional eligibility conditions as the Minister has directed.
(c)A notice of the authorisation of an inspector as referred to in subsection (a) shall be published in the Reshumot (Official Gazette) and on the website of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety.
Supervisory Powers§
16s.
(a)For the purpose of supervising the implementation of the provisions pursuant to this Section, the National Traffic Superintendent or an inspector may –
(1)require any person to provide him with his name and address and to present before him an identity card or another official document that identifies that person;
(2)require an operating permit holder or any other person concerned to provide him with any information or document that may ensure the implementation of the provisions pursuant to this Section or facilitate their implementation; for this purpose, "document" – including a printout;
(3)enter any place in which an activity relating to the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle is being carried out, including a control centre or an autonomous vehicle when it is stationary, provided that he does not enter a place used as a residence except pursuant to a court order;
(4)conduct examinations of the computer systems in the vehicle, including the autonomous driving system, the control centre systems and the communication systems with the autonomous vehicle, for the purpose of supervising their compliance with the provisions prescribed pursuant to this Section in respect of cyber protection.
(b)If an inspector finds in an examination pursuant to subsection (a)(4) that a change has occurred in the systems referred to in that subsection that raises a concern of harm to safety due to non-compliance with the said provisions in respect of cyber protection, since their last examination, including prior to the grant of the operating permit, he may direct that the autonomous vehicle and its systems be placed for examination in a laboratory for a period of up to three business days; such a laboratory examination shall be held no more than twice a year and on each occasion only one vehicle of the same prototype shall be placed for examination; in this subsection –
"laboratory" – a laboratory that the licensing authority has authorised for the purpose of cyber examinations of an autonomous vehicle;
"change" – including updates and changes to software versions.
Identification of Inspector§
16t.
The National Traffic Superintendent or an inspector shall not make use of the powers vested in him pursuant to this Section except while performing his duties and when both of the following conditions are met:
(1)he is visibly wearing a badge that identifies him and his role;
(2)he holds a certificate signed by the Minister, attesting to his role and the powers of the inspector, which he shall present upon request.
Advisory Committee§
16u.
(a)An advisory committee to the Minister on the matter of the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle is hereby established, whose members are as detailed below, including at least two women:
(1)the Director General of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety, who shall serve as chairperson;
(2)two employees of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety, to be appointed by the Minister;
(3)the Director General of the Prime Minister's Office or an employee of the Prime Minister's Office, to be appointed by the Director General;
(4)the Director General of the National Authority for Technological Innovation established pursuant to section 5 of the Law for the Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in Industry, 5744-1984, or an employee of that Authority, to be appointed by the Director General;
(5)the Commissioner of Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings or an employee of the Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings Authority, to be appointed by the Commissioner;
(6)the Head of the Traffic Division of the Israel Police or his representative;
(7)the Attorney General or his representative who is an employee of the Ministry of Justice;
(8)the Director General of the Ministry of Public Security or an employee of the Ministry of Public Security, to be appointed by the Director General;
(9)the Director of the National Road Safety Authority or an employee of the Authority to be appointed by the Director of the Authority;
(10)the Head of the Israel National Cyber Directorate or an employee of the Directorate to be appointed by the Head of the Directorate;
(11)two public representatives with expertise in matters relevant to the powers of the advisory committee, to be appointed by the Minister.
(b)The Minister may appoint a senior employee of his Ministry who is qualified to be a member of the advisory committee as deputy chairperson of the committee; a person authorised to appoint a member to the advisory committee is authorised to appoint a deputy for that member, provided that the deputy meets the same eligibility conditions for his appointment.
(c)The advisory committee shall –
(1)monitor technological developments in the world in the field of vehicles operated by means of an autonomous driving system and developments in the world in the field of methods of operating such vehicles;
(2)monitor the findings arising from the operation of vehicles by means of an autonomous driving system, in Israel and in the world, inter alia on the basis of information transmitted to it by the National Traffic Superintendent pursuant to section 16ac;
(3)collect data, from Israel and from the world, on safety incidents and cyber attacks in which vehicles operated by means of an autonomous driving system were involved and unusual incidents that occurred in the course of their operation and the manner of dealing with them;
(4)examine the impact of the operation of an autonomous vehicle pursuant to the provisions of this Section on public transport services and traffic congestion on the roads;
(5)examine the manner of use of information gathered in the course of experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle, by means of the systems of the autonomous vehicle or the control centre, the need to share such information and the protection of privacy and information security in connection with such use or sharing;
(6)examine the professional capability required of control centre employees;
(7)submit to the Minister, from time to time, at his request or on its own initiative, reports on matters pertaining to its functions as referred to in paragraphs (1) to (6);
(8)examine, at least once every three years, the provisions of the arrangement set out in this Section and the amendments required thereto in light of the experience accumulated from its implementation, and if it finds that an amendment to the arrangement is required, recommend accordingly to the Minister, and transmit to the Economics Committee of the Knesset a report containing its recommendations as aforesaid;
(9)advise the Minister on the making of Regulations pursuant to this Section, except pursuant to section 16q.
(d)The advisory committee shall transmit to the Minister its opinion on the making of Regulations as referred to in subsection (c)(9) within 45 days of the date on which he approached it with a request for consultation on the matter, and the Minister may, at the request of the committee, postpone that date for additional periods that shall not together exceed 45 days (in this Section – the consultation period); if the committee has not transmitted its opinion to the Minister within the consultation period, upon the expiry of that period the duty to consult with it shall be deemed to have been fulfilled, however the committee may notify the Minister that its opinion is not required in respect of the making of those Regulations; if it so notified, the duty to consult with it shall be deemed to have been fulfilled on the date of the notification.
(e)In performing its functions as referred to in subsection (c), the advisory committee shall take into account, inter alia, the following:
(1)the need to preserve the safety of passengers and road users, including those participating in the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle, and to prevent damage to property in the course of the experimental operation;
(2)the existence of a possibility of disruption to other activities in the economy from the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle and ways to reduce it;
(3)aspects relating to insurance in connection with the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle and the coverage of damages from such operation;
(4)the coordination required with a local authority or a local traffic control authority within whose area experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle is being carried out, or with a corporation established pursuant to law or a government company as defined in the Government Companies Law, 5735-1975, that are relevant to the matter;
(5)the need to encourage competition and reduce concentration;
(6)the need to encourage innovation in the field of transport and the adoption of innovative driving technologies;
(7)the need to improve transport services in Israel and to reduce traffic congestion on the roads;
(8)the degree of adoption of autonomous vehicle technology among the public.
(f)A notice of the appointment of the members of the advisory committee shall be published in the Reshumot (Official Gazette) and on the website of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety; the current composition of the committee shall also be published on that website.
Restrictions on Appointment§
16v.
A person shall not be appointed as a member of the advisory committee if he has been convicted of a criminal offence or a disciplinary offence that, by reason of its nature, gravity or circumstances, renders him unfit to serve as a member of the advisory committee, or if an indictment or a complaint has been filed against him for such an offence and a final judgment has not yet been given in his matter.
Prevention of Conflict of Interests§
16w.
(a)A person shall not be appointed as a member of the advisory committee and shall not serve thereon as a member if, by reason of his membership, he will find himself, on a regular basis, in a situation of conflict of interests that will prevent him from fulfilling his principal role on the advisory committee.
(b)A member of the advisory committee shall not deal, within the framework of his role, with a matter the dealing with which will cause him to find himself in a situation of conflict of interests.
(c)If a member of the advisory committee becomes aware that he may find himself in a situation of conflict of interests as referred to in subsections (a) or (b), he shall notify the chairperson of the advisory committee thereof as soon as possible; if the member of the advisory committee who is in such a situation is the chairperson, he shall notify the Minister thereof.
(d)In this Section –
"family member" – a spouse, parent, grandparent, son or daughter and their spouses, brother or sister and their children, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, uncle or aunt and their children, father-in-law, mother-in-law, grandson or granddaughter, including such a relative who is a step-relative;
"interested party" – as defined in the Securities Law, 5728-1968;
"dealing" – including making a decision, raising a matter for discussion, being present at a discussion, participating in a discussion or in a vote, or engaging with a matter outside a discussion;
"conflict of interests", of a member of the advisory committee – a conflict of interests between the performance of his role on the advisory committee and a personal interest or another role, of his own or of his relative;
"relative", of a member of the advisory committee – any of the following:
(1)a family member of the committee member;
(2)a person in whose financial situation the advisory committee member has an interest;
(3)a corporation in which the advisory committee member, his family member or a person as referred to in paragraph (2) is an interested party;
(4)a body in which the advisory committee member, his family member or a person as referred to in paragraph (2) are managers or responsible employees.
Cessation of Membership§
16x.
(a)A member of the advisory committee shall cease to serve before the expiry of his term of office if any one of the following occurs:
(1)he resigned by delivering a letter of resignation to the Minister and to the chairperson of the committee;
(2)he has ceased to be an employee of the Government Ministry or an employee or member of the body that he represents on the advisory committee, and, in respect of a public representative – if he was appointed as a State employee;
(3)he was convicted of an offence as referred to in section 16v, or an indictment or a complaint was filed against him for such an offence;
(4)one of the circumstances that disqualifies a person from being a member of the advisory committee has arisen in respect of him;
(5)he has been permanently unable to fulfil his role;
(6)in respect of a member of the advisory committee who is a public representative – the Minister, after consulting with the chairperson of the advisory committee and after giving the committee member an opportunity to present his arguments on the matter, may remove him from office if the committee member was absent without justified cause from four consecutive sessions of the advisory committee or from more than three sessions held by the committee in one year.
(b)If a public representative or a representative of the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety resigns from membership of the advisory committee or otherwise ceases to serve as a member of the committee before the expiry of his term of office, the Minister shall act as soon as possible to appoint another member in his place, in the same manner in which that member was appointed pursuant to section 16u; if a member of the advisory committee who is a representative of one of the office holders referred to in section 16u(a)(3) to (10) resigns, the office holder referred to in that section shall serve in his place or shall appoint another representative on his behalf.
Application of Laws§
16y.
Public representative members of the advisory committee shall be treated as State employees in respect of the following enactments and in respect of their activities on the advisory committee:
(1)Public Service (Gifts) Law, 5740-1979;
(2)Penal Law, 5737-1977, in respect of the provisions relating to public employees;
(3)Public Service (Restrictions after Retirement) Law, 5729-1969;
(4)Evidence Ordinance [New Version], 5731-1971, in respect of the provisions relating to public employees.
Validity of Acts§
16z.
The existence of the Advisory Committee, its powers and the validity of its recommendations shall not be affected by the cessation of service of one of its members or by reason of a defect in the appointment or continued service of a member, provided that a majority of its members are serving.
Procedures of the Advisory Committee§
16aa.
(a)The chairperson of the Advisory Committee shall determine the dates, venue and agenda of meetings.
(b)Recommendations of the Advisory Committee shall be adopted by a majority of votes of those present at a meeting, provided that at least three members were present at the meeting; in the event of an equal vote, the chairperson of the Committee shall have an additional vote.
(c)Recommendations of the Advisory Committee shall be reasoned and shall include details of minority opinions, if any.
(d)The Advisory Committee may invite to its meetings representatives of operating permit holders and other public representatives.
(e)The Advisory Committee may determine its own working and deliberation procedures, if these have not been determined pursuant to this Ordinance.
Remuneration for Members of the Advisory Committee§
16ab.
A member of the Advisory Committee who is not a State employee, an employee of a budgeted body or an employee of a supported body shall be entitled to payment from the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety for participation in meetings of the Advisory Committee, in accordance with the directives of the Accountant General in the Ministry of Finance applicable in respect of members of public committees; in this section, "State employee", "employee of a budgeted body" and "employee of a supported body" – as defined in section 32 of the Budget Foundations Law, 5745-1985.
Transfer of Information to the Advisory Committee§
16ac.
The National Traffic Supervisor shall transfer to the Advisory Committee the findings of the supervision activities conducted pursuant to section 16s, as well as information regarding a safety incident that was reported to him pursuant to section 16o and any other information concerning the experimental operation of an autonomous vehicle that came to his knowledge pursuant to this Ordinance, except for such information that enables the identification of a person who is not a participant in the experimental operation on behalf of the operating permit holder and who has not consented to the transfer of such information.
Making of Regulations under Section F – Considerations, Procedures and Preservation of Powers§
16ad.
(a)Regulations under this Section, except under section 16q, shall be made after consultation with the Advisory Committee, subject to the provisions of section 16u(d).
(b)When making Regulations as referred to in subsection (a), the Minister shall consider all of the following:
(1)maintaining road safety while ensuring efficient traffic flow;
(2)reducing traffic congestion on roads;
(3)improving public transport services and encouraging their use;
(4)promoting competition in the field of autonomous vehicles;
(5)encouraging the development of a variety of innovative technologies in the field of autonomous vehicles and establishing public confidence in them;
(6)maintaining, promoting or encouraging any other public interest not enumerated in paragraphs (1) to (5).
(c)The provisions in Regulations under this Section shall be determined in a manner that permits the use of a variety of technologies.
(d)Nothing in the provisions of this Section shall derogate from the Minister's power under this Ordinance to prescribe, in Regulations, special provisions in respect of autonomous vehicles.
Section F – Limitation on Application§
16ae.
The provisions under this Section shall not apply to an autonomous vehicle when a driver is driving it and it is not operated by means of an autonomous driving system, and the provisions under this Ordinance applicable to a motor vehicle shall apply to such a vehicle.
Section F – Savings Provisions§
16af.
Nothing in the provisions under this Section shall derogate from the obligation of a permit holder to comply with the provisions of any law, including the Road Accident Victims Compensation Law, 5735-1975, and with the provisions of the law regarding the obligation of insurance, including the provisions of the Insurance Ordinance.
Provisions Regarding the Fourteenth Schedule§
16ag.
(a)The provisions set out in the Fourteenth Schedule shall apply to an autonomous vehicle, to an operating permit holder, to operation and to the granting of vehicle licences and operating permits under this Section, as long as the Minister has not made Regulations under subsection (b).
(b)Where the Minister wishes to repeal in its entirety one or more sections of the Fourteenth Schedule or the entire Schedule, the Minister may prescribe, in Regulations, provisions in place of such section or in place of the entire Schedule, in respect of matters regulated in this Section for which provisions are set out in the Fourteenth Schedule, and the provisions of section 41 shall not apply in this regard.
(c)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), where the Minister wishes to amend the Fourteenth Schedule otherwise than as referred to in that subsection, the Minister may do so by Regulations, with the approval of the Economics Committee of the Knesset; amendment of sections 1(a)(1), 2(b)(1) and 3(f) of the Fourteenth Schedule requires consultation with the Minister for Internal Security; if the Minister for Internal Security has not conveyed his position to the Minister within 45 days from the day on which the Minister approached him on the matter, upon the expiry of that period it shall be deemed as if the obligation of consultation with him under this subsection has been fulfilled.
(d)Regulations under this section shall be made in consultation with the Advisory Committee pursuant to section 16u(d), after the Minister has considered the considerations set out in section 16ad(b) and subject to the provisions of section 16ad(c).
(e)Where Regulations have been made under this section, the reference in this Section to the Fourteenth Schedule shall be construed as a reference to those Regulations.
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