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Television Broadcasts (Subtitles and Sign Language) Law, 5765-2005

חוק שידורי טלוויזיה (כתוביות ושפת סימנים), תשס"ה-2005

Published: 2005-08-10Consolidated Hebrew text as of 2026-08-02 · Last amended 2026-07-28✓ Amendment status checked against the Knesset legislation record on 2026-09-17
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Unofficial English translation — for reference only. It may contain errors or omissions and cannot be relied on as a legal text. Only the Hebrew text published in Reshumot is legally binding.More

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Despite these checks, it may contain errors, omissions, or imprecise renderings of legal terminology and cross-references, and it may not yet reflect the latest amendments. It cannot be relied upon as a legal text.

The Hebrew text as published in Reshumot (ספר החוקים) and on the Knesset website is the sole authoritative and legally binding version. In any discrepancy, the Hebrew text prevails.

This translation is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For use in legal proceedings, request a certified Expert Legal Opinion.

Definitions§

1.

In this Law –

"translation bubble" – an area integrated into the screen image, in which a person or character appears translating into sign language;

"supervisory body" – one of the following, as the case may be:

(1)in relation to television broadcasts transmitted pursuant to the provisions of the Public Broadcasting Law – the council of the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation;
(2)in relation to television broadcasts transmitted pursuant to the provisions of the Second Authority Law – the council of the Second Authority for Television and Radio;
(3)in relation to broadcasts transmitted pursuant to the Communications Law – the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting;
(4)(Repealed)
(5)in relation to television broadcasts transmitted pursuant to the provisions of the Knesset Channel Broadcasts Law – the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting;
(6)in relation to television broadcasts of a thematic channel broadcaster transmitted pursuant to the provisions of the Broadcasts Distribution Law and in relation to television broadcasts transmitted by a holder of a licence for broadcasts by means of digital broadcasting stations, as defined in that Law, in accordance with the said licence – the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting;

"emergency announcement" – as defined in section 9;

"Coordination Committee" – the Coordination Committee appointed in accordance with Section B of Chapter IX of the Second Authority Law;

"Broadcasts Distribution Law" – the Broadcasts Distribution by means of Digital Broadcasting Stations Law, 5772-2012;

"Broadcasting Authority Law" – (Repealed)

"Second Authority Law" – the Second Authority for Television and Radio Law, 5750-1990;

"Equality Law" – the Equal Rights for Persons with Disabilities Law, 5758-1998;

"Public Broadcasting Law" – the Israeli Public Broadcasting Law, 5774-2014;

"Knesset Channel Broadcasts Law" – the Knesset Channel Broadcasts Law, 5764-2003;

"Communications Law" – the Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting), 5742-1982;

"subtitles" – subtitles in Hebrew, Arabic or Russian, rendering in writing what is said in a programme or an emergency announcement, as the case may be and in accordance with the provisions of this Law, in the language of the programme or emergency announcement, excluding a programme for early childhood, whether the subtitles are visible to all viewers or are available for viewing at the viewer's election, provided that they are available to the general public, and all on condition that the subtitles service is provided without additional charge;

"television broadcaster" –

(1)in relation to a broadcast pursuant to the Public Broadcasting Law – the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation as defined in that Law;
(2)in relation to a broadcast pursuant to the Second Authority Law – a holder of a licence for television broadcasts as defined in that Law, and in relation to broadcasts of the Authority in accordance with section 48 of that Law – the Authority as defined in that Law;
(3)
(a)in relation to a broadcast pursuant to Chapter II-A of the Communications Law – a holder of a licence for cable broadcasts as defined in section 6a and a holder of a franchise as defined in section 6l1 of that Law;
(b)in relation to a broadcast pursuant to Chapter II-B of the Communications Law – a holder of a licence for satellite broadcasts as defined in section 6aq of that Law;
(4)(Repealed)
(5)in relation to a broadcast pursuant to the Knesset Channel Broadcasts Law – the broadcasting body as defined in section 1 of that Law;
(6)in relation to broadcasts of a thematic channel broadcaster pursuant to the Broadcasts Distribution Law – a thematic channel broadcaster as defined in that Law;
(7)in relation to broadcasts transmitted by a holder of a licence for broadcasts by means of digital broadcasting stations as defined in the Broadcasts Distribution Law, in accordance with the said licence – the licence holder;

"private broadcaster" – a television broadcaster that is not the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation or the Second Authority when the Second Authority itself produces broadcasts;

"Commission", "Commissioner" – as defined in the Equality Law;

"television channel" – a television channel broadcast by a television broadcaster and intended principally for the public in Israel, or a part thereof;

"peak hours" – as their meaning in section 2;

"programme" – a programme broadcast on a television channel in which the speech is in the Hebrew or Arabic language, or a television programme in which the dubbing is in Hebrew or Arabic, excluding a programme that is one of the following:

(1)a programme whose verbal content is marginal;
(2)a programme intended for children in which the dubbing is in Hebrew or Arabic;
(3)a music programme;

"live broadcast programme" – a programme broadcast without delay between the moment of filming and the moment of actual broadcast, as well as a programme whose production was completed 12 hours or less before its broadcast, excluding a news bulletin and a programme for early childhood;

"recorded programme" – a programme that is not broadcast live, excluding a news bulletin and a programme for early childhood;

"programme for early childhood" – a programme intended or directed principally at viewers above the age of 3 and under the age of 7 years;

"sign language translation" – a translation into sign language, appearing in a translation bubble or appearing in a defined separate part of the screen, of what is said in a programme or an emergency announcement, whether the bubble and the translation are visible to all viewers or the bubble and the translation are available for viewing at the viewer's election, provided that the translation is available to the general public and all on condition that the sign language translation service is provided without additional charge.

Peak Hours§

2.
(a)The peak hours for programmes are the broadcasting hours between 19:00 and 23:00, and in respect of early childhood programmes between 07:00 and 08:00 and between 14:00 and 17:00, unless the supervisory body has determined otherwise in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b).
(b)If the supervisory body finds, after examining the viewership data for the broadcasts of a particular television channel, that the hours in which the viewership rate of the television channel is at its highest differ from the peak hours referred to in subsection (a), it shall determine for that channel other peak hours that shall be no less than four hours per day.

Subtitles in Recorded Programmes, in Advertising Spots and in Public Service Spots§

3.
(a)A television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least the proportions set out in paragraphs (1) to (7) of the total broadcast time of all recorded programmes broadcast over half a year, on each television channel on which it broadcasts:
(1)from the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006) – 40%;
(2)from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007) – 50%;
(3)from the 23rd day of Tevet 5768 (1 January 2008) – 60%;
(4)from the 5th day of Tevet 5769 (1 January 2009) – 70%;
(5)from the 15th day of Tevet 5770 (1 January 2010) – 80%;
(6)from the 25th day of Tevet 5771 (1 January 2011) – 90%;
(7)from the 19th day of Tevet 5773 (1 January 2013) – 100%.
(b)A television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least the proportions set out in paragraphs (1) to (5) of the total broadcast time of all recorded programmes broadcast over half a year during peak hours, on each television channel on which it broadcasts:
(1)from the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006) – 50%;
(2)from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007) – 60%;
(3)from the 23rd day of Tevet 5768 (1 January 2008) – 80%;
(4)from the 5th day of Tevet 5769 (1 January 2009) – 90%;
(5)from the 15th day of Tevet 5770 (1 January 2010) – 100%.
(c)Nothing in the provisions of subsection (b) shall impose an obligation to accompany programmes with subtitles in a scope exceeding the quotas specified in subsection (a).
(d)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), there shall apply to a television broadcaster, from the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006), the obligations under the provisions of sections 3 and 4 at a rate of 50% of the proportions referred to in those sections, and at the times fixed in those sections, in respect of a dubbed programme intended for children; in this subsection, "dubbed programme" – a programme that is dubbed in Hebrew or Arabic.
(e)Without derogating from the provisions of subsections (a) to (d), a television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles advertising spots and public service spots broadcast by it.

Subtitles in Live Broadcast Programmes§

4.
(a)A television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least the proportions set out in paragraphs (1) to (4) of the total broadcast time of all programmes broadcast over half a year as live broadcasts, on each television channel on which it broadcasts:
(1)from the 5th day of Tevet 5769 (1 January 2009) – 25%;
(2)from the 25th day of Tevet 5771 (1 January 2011) – 50%;
(3)from the 19th day of Tevet 5773 (1 January 2013) – 75%;
(4)from the 10th day of Tevet 5775 (1 January 2015) – 100%.
(b)A television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least the proportions set out in paragraphs (1) to (3) of the total broadcast time of all programmes broadcast over half a year as live broadcasts during peak hours, on each television channel on which it broadcasts:
(1)from the 5th day of Tevet 5769 (1 January 2009) – 25%;
(2)from the 25th day of Tevet 5771 (1 January 2011) – 50%;
(3)from the 19th day of Tevet 5773 (1 January 2013) – 75%.
(c)Nothing in the provisions of subsection (b) shall impose an obligation to accompany programmes with subtitles in a scope exceeding the quotas specified in subsection (a).

Subtitles in News Bulletins§

5.
(a)From the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007), a television broadcaster shall accompany with headlines at least one main daily news bulletin broadcast during peak hours on one of the television channels on which a news bulletin as aforesaid is broadcast in Hebrew or Arabic; the Coordination Committee shall determine provisions regarding the days of broadcast for each television channel; in this subsection, "headlines" – subtitles in Hebrew or Arabic, as the case may be, containing the main content of the news bulletin.
(b)From the 23rd day of Tevet 5768 (1 January 2008), a television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least one main daily news bulletin broadcast during peak hours on one of the television channels on which a news bulletin as aforesaid is broadcast in Hebrew or Arabic; the Coordination Committee shall determine provisions regarding the days of broadcast for each television channel.
(c)From the 5th day of Tevet 5769 (1 January 2009), a television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles at least one main daily news bulletin during peak hours, on each television channel on which it broadcasts a news bulletin as aforesaid.
(d)From the 19th day of Tevet 5773 (1 January 2013), a television broadcaster shall accompany with subtitles all news bulletins, on each television channel on which it broadcasts a news bulletin.

Making Television Broadcasts Accessible pursuant to the Communications Law§

6.

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, a television broadcaster pursuant to the Communications Law or pursuant to the Broadcasts Distribution Law shall accompany television programmes with subtitles in accordance with the following provisions:

(a)In five television channels designated by the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting, the obligations referred to in sections 3, 4 and 5 shall apply to a television broadcaster at the times fixed in those sections; the Council shall designate the channels as aforesaid after examining their centrality, taking into account, inter alia, an examination of the viewership rates of the channels and the scope of original broadcasts, and after consultation with the Commissioner and with organisations engaged in promoting the rights of persons with hearing impairments, provided that the channels shall not be television channels whose principal content consists of sports broadcasts, broadcasts for children, or foreign film broadcasts;
(b)In three additional television channels, including one channel in the Russian language, one news channel and one heritage channel, designated by the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting, the obligations referred to in sections 3, 4 and 5 shall apply to a television broadcaster at the times fixed in those sections; the Council shall designate the channels as aforesaid after examining their centrality, taking into account, inter alia, an examination of the viewership rates of the channels, and after consultation with the Commissioner and with organisations engaged in promoting the rights of persons with hearing impairments;
(c)In the remaining television channels –
(1)In television channels whose principal content consists of drama and documentary broadcasts – the obligations under the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, at a rate of 70% of the proportions set out in those sections and at the times fixed in those sections, shall apply to a television broadcaster from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007);
(2)In television channels whose principal content consists of broadcasts for children – the obligations under the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, at a rate of 50% of the proportions set out in those sections and at the times fixed in those sections, shall apply to a television broadcaster from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007), provided that this rate shall also include central programmes to be determined by the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting; for the purposes of this subsection, "programme" – including a programme intended for children that has been dubbed into Hebrew or Arabic;
(3)In television channels whose principal content consists of sports broadcasts – the obligations under the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, at the full proportions set out in those sections and at the times fixed in those sections, shall apply to a television broadcaster from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007), in respect of programmes in which national and international competitions listed in the Schedule are broadcast;
(4)In the remaining television channels – the obligations under the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, at a rate of 30% of the proportions set out in those sections and at the times fixed in those sections, shall apply to a television broadcaster from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007);
(d)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c), the Council for Cable Broadcasting and Satellite Broadcasting, after consulting with television broadcasters pursuant to the Communications Law or pursuant to the Broadcasts Distribution Law, as the case may be, with the Commissioner and with organisations engaged in promoting the rights of persons with hearing impairments, and with the approval of the Labour, Welfare and Health Committee of the Knesset, may determine that the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5 shall apply in their full proportions to television channels additional to those enumerated in subsections (a) and (b), having regard, inter alia, to the scope of broadcasts, the scope of the channels, their centrality and their purpose.

Sign Language Translation in Television Broadcasts and in Advertising Spots§

7.
(a)A television broadcaster shall accompany a programme, excluding a news bulletin, with sign language translation at least at the proportions set out below of the total broadcast time of all programmes broadcast during peak hours, on each television channel on which it broadcasts:
(1)from the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006) – 2.5%;
(2)from the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007) – 5%.
(b)From the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006), at least one news bulletin broadcast on a television channel that broadcasts news in Hebrew shall be translated into sign language each evening during peak hours; the Coordination Committee shall determine provisions regarding the days of broadcast for each channel.
(c)From the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006) –
(1)a television broadcaster shall accompany with sign language translation one or more daily programmes of at least half an hour's duration for early childhood; the programme and the broadcast time shall be determined in consultation with the supervisory body and with organisations engaged in promoting the rights of early childhood children with hearing impairments;
(2)the provisions of this subsection shall not apply if a television broadcaster has allocated a separate television channel that will broadcast programmes for early childhood children with sign language translation.
(d)Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, a programme and an advertising spot that were accompanied by sign language translation shall not be subject to the obligation to accompany them with subtitles.
(e)Without derogating from the provisions of subsections (a) to (d), a television broadcaster shall accompany 5% of the advertising spots broadcast by it with sign language translation.

Application of Proportions§

8.

The proportions set out in sections 3 to 6 shall apply to programmes in Hebrew separately and to programmes in Arabic separately.

Emergency Announcements§

9.
(a)During the period from the 1st day of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006) until the 10th day of Tevet 5767 (31 December 2006), every emergency announcement broadcast by the Broadcasting Authority shall be accompanied, in a reasonable manner, by headlines and by sign language translation; in this subsection, "headlines" – subtitles in Hebrew or Arabic, as the case may be, containing the main content of the emergency announcement.
(b)From the 11th day of Tevet 5767 (1 January 2007), every emergency announcement broadcast by the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation shall be accompanied, in a reasonable manner, by subtitles and by sign language translation.
(c)If a television broadcaster other than the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts an emergency announcement, it shall accompany the announcement with a caption directing viewers who are persons with hearing impairments to the emergency announcement being broadcast on the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation; if the television broadcaster has fulfilled all the obligations applicable to the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation pursuant to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), it shall be exempt from directing viewers to the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation.
(d)In this Law –

"emergency announcement" – a breaking announcement broadcast on a television channel regarding one of the following:

(1)a civil emergency event;
(2)a radiological radiation event;
(3)a hazardous materials event;
(4)an accident or hostile sabotage activity;
(5)war;
(6)a military operation;
(7)an accident or mass disaster in the course of military action;
(8)extreme weather conditions posing a danger;
(9)another event of special public importance determined by the Coordination Committee, after consultation with the Commissioner and with organisations engaged in promoting the rights of persons with hearing impairments;

"civil emergency event" – an event causing serious harm to public safety, personal security or property, relating to a large public or a large area, or an event in which there is apprehension of harm as aforesaid, including on account of a natural disaster, an environmental hazard, a hazardous materials event, a chemical or biological event, a radiological radiation event, an accident or hostile sabotage activity;

"hazardous materials event" – an uncontrolled occurrence or accident involving a hazardous material, causing or likely to cause a risk to persons and to the environment, including a spill, leak, dispersal, explosion, evaporation or fire;

"chemical or biological event" – an event caused as a result of hostile sabotage activity, following which the public is or may be exposed to chemical or biological substances that may cause harm to public safety or health;

"radiological radiation event" – an event following which the public is or may be exposed to ionising radiation in a dose exceeding the lowest intervention level set for the population in Table V of the latest edition of the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for Safety of Radiation Sources (IAEA); the said standard shall be published on the website of the Atomic Energy Commission and shall be deposited for public inspection at the Licensing Division of the said Atomic Energy Commission;

"hazardous material" – as defined in the Hazardous Materials Law, 5753-1993.

Exemptions and Reduced Requirements§

10.
(a)Where a television broadcaster has satisfied the supervisory body that performing a provision under this Law imposes an excessive burden upon it, the supervisory body may direct, by a reasoned written decision, that the provision shall not apply in full or in part, including in relation to a particular channel or a particular programme.
(b)A decision of the supervisory body under subsection (a) –
(1)shall be for a period to be determined in the decision, which shall not exceed three years at a time;
(2)shall be made after consultation with the Commission and with organisations engaged in the promotion of the rights of persons with hearing impairment.
(c)A petition against a decision of the supervisory body under subsection (a) may be submitted by a television broadcaster, a person with hearing impairment, the Commission or an organisation engaged in the promotion of the rights of persons with hearing impairment.
(d)The supervisory body may, in the manner referred to in section 16, prescribe by rules cases in which a provision under this Law shall not apply in full or in part on the ground that performing the provision in those cases would impose an excessive burden.
(e)For the purposes of this section, "excessive burden" – an unreasonable burden on a television broadcaster, having regard, inter alia, to the following:
(1)the technical difficulties involved in performance;
(2)the financial situation of the television broadcaster, and in relation to a particular television channel, having regard also to the financial situation of the channel;
(3)the cost of performance;
(4)the revenues of the television broadcaster and the television channel;
(5)the existence of external and governmental sources of financing;
(6)the extent of harm that would be caused to the hearing-impaired public as a result of the grant of the exemption, having regard, inter alia, to the scope of viewing of the channel or programme in question.
(f)For the purposes of subsections (a) and (d), the following shall not be regarded as an excessive burden –
(1)an obligation under this Law that was an obligation to be fulfilled under the Deaf Persons Facilities Law, 5752-1992, on the eve of its repeal;
(2)an obligation applying to a television broadcaster upon whom the provisions of section 6(a) apply, unless the supervisory body has approved, after consultation with the Commissioner, that performing the obligation is liable to lead to the financial collapse of the broadcaster.
(g)The provisions of this Law, in so far as they add obligations to those prescribed in the Deaf Persons Facilities Law, 5752-1992, on the eve of its repeal, shall not apply –
(1)to a private broadcaster, except upon the expiry of three years from the date on which it first began to broadcast;
(2)to a private broadcaster, in relation to a new television channel, except upon the expiry of three years from the date on which it first began to broadcast the channel.
(h)(Repealed)
(i)Programmes broadcast between the hours of 1:00 and 6:00 shall be exempt from the obligation of accompaniment by subtitles, except for emergency announcements and except for sports programmes in which national and international competitions listed in the Schedule are broadcast.

Information, Publication and Reporting§

11.
(a)A television broadcaster shall transmit for publication in broadcasting schedules distributed by it and in every broadcasting guide published to the public, information regarding all programmes accompanied by subtitles and by translation into sign language; where a body publishes a broadcasting schedule, it shall publish therein the programmes accompanied by subtitles and by translation into sign language.
(b)The supervisory body shall submit, annually, to the Commission a report detailing the actions it has taken for the purpose of implementing the provisions of this Law by the television broadcasters subject to it; such a report shall detail, inter alia, the programmes accompanied by subtitles and by sign language, the broadcasting time, and the proportional share of programmes accompanied by subtitles and by sign language; from the date on which the obligations under sections 3, 4 and 5 apply in full, the supervisory body shall submit annually to the Commission such a report relating solely to sign language and to the obligations under section 6(c).

Application of Provisions from the Equal Rights for Persons with Disabilities Law§

12.
(a)The provisions of section 19aq of the Equality Law shall apply in relation to the implementation of the provisions of this Law, with the necessary modifications, provided that before the Commissioner issues an accessibility order, he shall conduct a consultation with the supervisory body, as the case may be; for the purpose of implementing the provisions of this subsection, the powers listed in section 26d of the said Law shall be vested in the Commissioner or in an inspector authorised under section 26c of the Equality Law, and the provisions of section 26e of that Law shall apply in that regard.
(b)The provisions of sections 19ay to 19ba of the Equality Law, subsections (c), (d) and (e) of section 19av, and sections 19as and 19aw of the Equality Law, shall apply to the breach of obligations under this Law, with the necessary modifications; for this purpose, provisions applying in relation to a corporation shall apply to a body upon which the obligation of performance has been imposed under this Law.

Law Applying to the State§

13.

For the purposes of this Law, the law applying to the State is the same as the law applying to any person.

Powers of a Supervisory Body§

14.

Powers under this Law do not derogate from powers conferred upon a supervisory body under any other enactment.

Savings Provisions§

15.

The provisions under this Law shall not derogate from the provisions applying under the Deaf Persons Facilities Law, 5752-1992.

Rules of a Supervisory Body§

16.

A supervisory body may, with the approval of the Labour, Welfare and Health Committee of the Knesset and after consultation with the Commission and with organisations engaged in the promotion of the rights of persons with hearing impairment, and with television broadcasters, as the case may be, prescribe rules under this Law that shall apply to a television broadcaster within its jurisdiction, in all matters relating to accompaniment by subtitles, captions and translation into sign language.

Repeal of the Deaf Persons Facilities Law§

17.

The Deaf Persons Facilities Law, 5752-1992 – is repealed with effect from the 10th of Tevet 5775 (1 January 2015).

Amendment of the Administrative Courts Law – No. 17§

18.

In the Administrative Courts Law, 5760-2000, in the First Schedule, the text in item 22, beginning with the words "a decision of an engineer", shall be marked "(1)" and thereafter the following shall come:

"(2) A decision of a supervisory body under section 10(a) of the Television Broadcasts (Subtitles and Sign Language) Law, 5765-2005.".

Amendment of the Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting) – No. 33§

19.

In the Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting), 5742-1982, in section 6e(1)(d), at the end thereof the following shall come: "and also to supervise the performance of obligations under the Television Broadcasts (Subtitles and Sign Language) Law, 5765-2005".

Amendment of the Second Authority for Television and Radio Law – No. 25§

20.

In the Second Authority for Television and Radio Law, 5750-1990, in section 23(2), at the end thereof the following shall come: "and also to supervise the performance of obligations under the Television Broadcasts (Subtitles and Sign Language) Law, 5765-2005".

Commencement§

21.

This Law shall commence on the 1st of Tevet 5766 (1 January 2006).

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LawAdministrative Law

חוק שידורי טלוויזיה (כתוביות ושפת סימנים), תשס"ה-2005

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