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OrdinanceHealth

Physicians Ordinance [New Version], 5737-1976

פקודת הרופאים [נוסח חדש], תשל"ז-1976

Published: 1976-12-16Consolidated Hebrew text as of 2025-08-07 · Last amended 2025-04-03✓ Amendment status checked against the Knesset legislation record on 2026-09-29
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Unofficial English translation — for reference only. It may contain errors or omissions and cannot be relied on as a legal text. Only the Hebrew text published in Reshumot is legally binding.More

This English text was translated from the official Hebrew using a range of translation tools, and it undergoes ongoing checks and updates. It is not a certified translation.

Despite these checks, it may contain errors, omissions, or imprecise renderings of legal terminology and cross-references, and it may not yet reflect the latest amendments. It cannot be relied upon as a legal text.

The Hebrew text as published in Reshumot (ספר החוקים) and on the Knesset website is the sole authoritative and legally binding version. In any discrepancy, the Hebrew text prevails.

This translation is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For use in legal proceedings, request a certified Expert Legal Opinion.

Chapter III: Licensing of Physicians

Application for a Licence and its Grant§

18.
(a)An application for a licence to practise medicine shall be submitted to the Director.
(b)If the applicant has fulfilled the conditions set out in section 4, the Director shall grant the applicant a licence.

Temporary Permit§

19.
(a)Pending completion of the procedure for granting a licence, the Director may grant a temporary permit to practise medicine for a period not exceeding one year, and may do so also in any case where the Director sees a need therefor.
(b)The Director may, at the Director's discretion, renew a temporary permit.
(c)A person who holds a temporary permit shall return it to the Director on the day of its expiry.
(d)The provisions of sections 24 to 29 and 31 to 38 in respect of licences shall apply, mutatis mutandis, also to temporary permits.
(e)For the purposes of sections 9, 41, 45 to 47, 49, 50 and 55, a temporary permit shall have the same status as a licence.

Restricted Permit§

19a.
(a)The Director may, at the Director's discretion, grant a restricted permit to practise medicine to a person who does not hold a licence for permanent residence in Israel, provided that the conditions of section 4(a)(1) and (2) are fulfilled in respect of that person and, in addition, one of the following conditions is also fulfilled:
(1)A hospital has invited the person, with the Director's approval, to work therein for a fixed period;
(2)The person is undergoing medical training or is specialising in order to obtain a specialist's title, all with the prior approval of the Director.
(b)The Director may, at the Director's discretion, make the grant of the restricted permit conditional upon an internship or upon passing examinations or upon both.
(c)The Director may restrict the validity of a restricted permit as to time, branch of medicine or place, and may also prescribe such other conditions and restrictions as the Director sees fit.

Examination of Diplomas§

20.

The Director may at any time require a licensed physician to produce before the Director, within a reasonable time prescribed by the Director, the diploma attesting to the physician's medical studies.

Licence for Dental Surgeons to Practise Anaesthesia§

21.

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3, 4, 18 and 19, the Minister may grant a licensed dental surgeon a licence to practise anaesthesia if the following conditions are fulfilled:

(1)The dental surgeon has studied dentistry for at least five academic years at a university or school of dentistry recognised by the Minister for the purposes of this Ordinance, and has received a diploma recognised by the Minister for the purposes of this Ordinance;
(2)After receiving the diploma in dentistry, the dental surgeon has successfully completed, to the satisfaction of the Minister, a course of study of at least one year in anaesthesiology, at an institution or in special classes recognised by the Minister.

Scope of Activities of a Holder of a Licence to Practise Anaesthesia§

22.

A person who has been granted a licence to practise anaesthesia as referred to in section 21 may practise anaesthesia at a medical institution or medical unit in whose service there is a specialist in anaesthesiology as prescribed in Regulations, in those types of anaesthesia determined for that person by the specialist; however, the person may also practise other types of anaesthesia under the personal supervision of the specialist.

Status of a Holder of a Licence to Practise Anaesthesia§

23.

Subject to the provisions of section 22 and in respect of the practice of anaesthesia, a person who has been granted a licence to practise anaesthesia shall have the same status as a licensed physician.

Advisory Committee for the Purposes of Licences for Physicians§

24.
(a)For the purposes of granting licences to physicians, the Minister shall establish a committee of three (hereinafter — the Advisory Committee) whose members shall be a physician in the service of the Ministry of Health and two physicians, at least one of whom is a member of the teaching staff of a school of medicine at the rank of senior lecturer or above; the Minister shall appoint these two physicians from a list submitted by the Israel Medical Association, and if the Association has not submitted a list within two months from the day it received a request to that effect — the Minister shall appoint as the Minister sees fit.
(b)The Minister shall appoint the chairperson of the Advisory Committee from among its members.
(c)For each member of the Advisory Committee, the Minister shall appoint alternates in the manner and under the conditions by which the member was appointed.
(d)The Minister shall publish in Reshumot (Official Gazette) notice of the appointment of the members of the Advisory Committee and their alternates.

Term of Office of a Member of the Committee§

25.

The term of office of a member of the Advisory Committee, other than the chairperson, shall be three years from the date of appointment, and the member may be reappointed, provided that the member shall not serve for more than three consecutive terms of office; a member of the Advisory Committee whose term of office has ended shall continue to serve until another member is appointed in that member's place.

Role of Alternates§

26.

The Advisory Committee shall deliberate on each matter until its conclusion in the composition with which it commenced deliberations; however, an alternate of a member of the Advisory Committee shall replace the member, as determined by the chairperson of the Advisory Committee —

(1)If the member has resigned, died or is prevented from fulfilling the member's duties;
(2)At the request of a member of the Advisory Committee who is temporarily prevented from fulfilling the member's duties or in respect of a particular applicant.

Validity§

27.

The validity of the decisions of the Advisory Committee shall not be affected by reason of a vacancy arising in the position of a member of the Advisory Committee or by reason of a defect in the appointment or continuation of service of a member.

Procedure of the Committee§

28.
(a)The Advisory Committee shall decide by a majority of its members.
(b)The Advisory Committee shall determine its own procedure insofar as it has not been prescribed in this Ordinance or in Regulations made thereunder.

Examination§

29.
(a)The Advisory Committee may invite an applicant for a licence to appear before it and to examine him on his medical studies and practice thereof.
(b)Where the Advisory Committee has received information regarding the applicant's medical studies and practice thereof from a source other than the applicant himself, the applicant shall be given an adequate opportunity to present his contentions with respect to that information.

Time Limit for Decision on Application for Licence§

30.

The Director shall give his decision on an application for a licence to practise medicine no later than the end of six months from the date of submission of the application.

Medical Board§

31.
(a)For the purpose of examining the medical fitness of an applicant for a licence to practise medicine or of a licensed physician, in the cases prescribed in sections 32 and 33, the Director shall appoint a board of three specialist physicians (hereinafter — medical board); the appointment may be general or for a particular case.
(b)For the purpose of an examination as aforesaid, a medical board shall have the power —
(1)to invite a person to appear before it and to testify or to produce a thing;
(2)to compel a witness to testify on oath or on affirmation in accordance with the provisions in that regard in the Civil Procedure Regulations, 5723-1963;
(3)to request from a court for administrative matters within whose jurisdiction it sits to issue an order pursuant to section 13 of the Evidence Ordinance [New Version], 5731-1971;
(4)to award travel and accommodation expenses and compensation for loss of time to witnesses invited by virtue of this section, as to a witness invited to testify in court.
(c)Where a medical board has required a person to testify or to produce a thing and that person has refused to do so without justification satisfactory to the board, a court for administrative matters within whose jurisdiction the board sits may, on the application of the Director or the chairperson of the board, order that compliance with the board's directions be enforced in such manner as it sees fit, including the arrest of the person refusing.
(d)The Minister of Justice shall prescribe procedure for the implementation of this section.
(e)The board shall submit its findings and reasoned conclusions to the Director.

Medical Examination of Licence Applicant§

32.
(a)Where the Director has reasonable concern that an applicant for a licence to practise medicine has an impaired capacity, including due to illness, that may deprive him, in the circumstances of the matter, of the ability to practise medicine entirely, temporarily or partially, or that may harm, in the circumstances of the matter, the health of patients under his care, the Director may require the applicant to appear before a medical board for examination.
(b)Where the applicant refuses the Director's requirement, no licence shall be granted to him so long as he has not appeared and been examined.

Medical Examination of Licence Holder§

33.
(a)Where the Director finds that a licensed physician has an impaired capacity within the meaning of section 32(a), the Director may require him to appear before a medical board for examination.
(b)(Repealed)
(c)Where the physician has not appeared at the time and place prescribed pursuant to subsection (a), the Director may suspend his licence until he has been examined.
(d)The Director may publish a suspension as aforesaid in any manner that seems fit to him, and there is no obligation to publish the matter in Reshumot (Official Gazette).

Reception of Evidence§

34.
(a)Before the Director decides, pursuant to sections 32 or 33, as the case may be, to require a person who is applying for a licence to practise medicine or who is a licensed physician to appear before a medical board pursuant to section 31 for examination, the Director may —
(1)if he has grounds to assume that information that may indicate the state of health of that person is held by a medical institution or physician who treated him, require them to deliver that information to him;
(2)if he has grounds to assume that a document that may indicate the state of health of that person is held by another person, require that person to deliver the document to him;

and a person required to deliver information or a document pursuant to this section is obliged to comply with the requirement.

(b)Information or a document as referred to in subsection (a) shall not be required except to the extent necessary for the purpose of the matter.

Interim Suspension§

35.
(a)Where the Director is satisfied that an impaired capacity of a physician, including due to illness, is causing such urgent danger to the public that it is not possible to wait for the conclusion of proceedings before the medical board, the Director may suspend the licence of that physician until a final decision is given pursuant to section 37, but not for more than three months, provided that he has referred the matter to the medical board for its attention immediately upon giving his decision.
(b)Where the medical board has not concluded the proceedings by the end of the suspension period, the Director may, with the consent of the board, suspend the licence for a further three months.
(c)Where the proceedings have not been concluded by the end of the second period as aforesaid, the Director may, with the consent of the board, if the urgency of the suspension remains, suspend the licence for a further three months.

Duty of Confidentiality§

36.

A person to whom information has come pursuant to the provisions of sections 31 or 34 is obliged to keep it confidential and not to disclose it except to the extent necessary for the implementation of the provisions of those sections, or if authorised to do so by the court before which the need for disclosure has arisen, or by virtue of a duty to answer questions put to him by a person authorised to conduct an investigation into the commission of offences.

Implementation of Medical Board Decision§

37.

Where a medical board has determined that an applicant for a licence or a licensed physician has an impaired capacity within the meaning of section 32(a), by reason of which he is unfit to practise medicine, entirely or temporarily, or by reason of which he is fit to practise medicine subject to certain restrictions or conditions, the Director shall refuse to grant him a licence, or shall cancel the licence or suspend it, as the case may be, or shall grant him a special licence subject to the provisions of this Ordinance and in accordance with the recommendations of the medical board.

Status of Special Licence§

38.

A special licence granted as referred to in section 37 shall have, with respect to the scope of practice prescribed therein, the same status as a licence to practise medicine; however, a person who has received a special licence as aforesaid shall not practise medicine except under the supervision of a licensed physician.

Objection to Decision on Application for Licence§

38a.
(a)An applicant for a licence to practise medicine may, within thirty days from the day on which the Director's decision on his application was delivered to him (in this section — the decision), submit a reasoned written objection to the decision to an objections committee appointed by the Minister pursuant to the provisions of subsection (c) (in this section — the objections committee).
(b)The legal adviser of the Ministry of Health or his representative may, at the request of the person submitting the objection, extend the period referred to in subsection (a), for special reasons that shall be recorded, by a further thirty days.
(c)The Minister shall appoint an objections committee comprising three members, as follows:
(1)the Director General of the Ministry of Health or his deputy, or a physician, who shall be the chairperson; such a physician shall be an employee of the Ministry of Health who does not work in the division in which the person who made the decision works, and whose grade is at least equivalent to that of the person who made the decision;
(2)the legal adviser of the Ministry of Health or his representative;
(3)a public representative who is a physician with at least 15 years of experience as a physician.
(d)A member of the objections committee shall be appointed for a term of four years, and may be reappointed for one additional term of four years.
(e)A member of the objections committee shall not adjudicate an objection to a decision that was made by him.
(f)The objections committee shall decide on an objection as early as possible and no later than sixty days from the date of submission of the objection.
(g)The procedure of the objections committee shall be as prescribed by the Minister, and until the Minister has so prescribed, the objections committee shall determine its own procedure and shall publish it on the website of the Ministry of Health.
39.§

(Repealed — תשס״ה)

40.§

(Repealed — תשס״ה)

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Chapter IV: Disciplinary Measures

Powers of the Minister§

41.

Where the Minister, on the basis of a complaint by the Director or by a person who has been aggrieved, finds that a licensed physician has done any of the following, the Minister may, by an Order signed by him, cancel the licence of the physician or direct that the licence be suspended for a period prescribed in the Order, or give the physician a reprimand or a warning:

(1)conducted himself in a manner unbecoming a licensed physician;
(2)obtained his licence by misrepresentation;
(3)displayed incapacity or gross negligence in the discharge of his duties as a licensed physician;
(4)persistently contravened the provisions of this Ordinance;
(5)was convicted of a criminal offence not under this Ordinance;
(6)refused without reasonable cause to present his diploma before the Director after being required to do so pursuant to section 20;
(7)contravened a provision of the Patient Rights Law, 5756-1996;
(8)granted a personal authorisation to a physician associate otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of section 17f or 17m;
(9)failed to carry out supervision, contrary to the provisions of section 17l(a)(1), or failed to take reasonable measures to prevent the performance of medical procedures listed in the Fourth Schedule to the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law and to ensure that medical procedures are carried out by the physician associate at an adequate professional level, contrary to the provisions of section 17l(a)(2).

Assistance to a Person Who Is Not a Licensed Physician§

42.

A licensed physician who assists a person who is not a licensed physician, by administering anaesthesia or in another manner, to treat, supervise or operate on a person, where the matter requires the professional judgment or skill of a physician, shall be regarded as having conducted himself in a manner unbecoming a licensed physician.

Issuing a False Certificate§

43.

A licensed physician who wilfully or negligently signs or gives, in his professional capacity, a certificate, report, notice or similar document that is false, misleading or improper shall be regarded as having conducted himself in a manner unbecoming a licensed physician.

Opportunity to Defend§

44.
(a)No Order shall be given pursuant to section 41 unless the physician has been given an opportunity to submit his defence in writing and to present his arguments before a committee whose members are the Director and other persons appointed by the Minister, including a representative of the Attorney General.
(b)A physician shall be regarded as having been given an opportunity to defend himself pursuant to subsection (a) if, at least thirty days before the Order was given, notice of the intention to give an Order pursuant to section 41 was served on him personally, or was left for him at his last known address, or was sent to him at that address by registered post.
(c)A committee as referred to in subsection (a) shall have the powers vested in a medical board pursuant to section 31(b), and for this purpose the District Court may issue an order as referred to in section 31(c) on the application of the Director or the chairperson of the committee.
(d)The Minister of Justice shall prescribe procedure for the implementation of subsection (c).
(e)The committee shall submit a written report to the Minister of Health.

Suspension or Restriction of Licence§

44a.
(a)Where the Director has reasonable grounds to suspect that a physician has caused, through gross negligence, the death of a person under his care or serious harm to such a person, or where an indictment has been filed against a licensed physician for an offence that, in the circumstances of the matter, involves moral turpitude, the Director may, on the recommendation of a special committee that he shall convene for this purpose, suspend the licence of the physician or restrict the scope of his practice for a period not exceeding six months; the members of the special committee shall be: a physician appointed by the Director, who shall be the chairperson, a physician appointed by the Director from a list submitted to him by the Israel Medical Association, and a representative of the Attorney General.
(b)The special committee shall submit its recommendation to the Director no later than fourteen days from the date of its appointment, provided that it has given the physician an adequate opportunity to present his arguments; in special circumstances, the Director may, on the application of the committee, extend the said period by a further period not exceeding thirty days.
(c)Where the committee has not submitted its recommendation to the Director within the period referred to in subsection (b), the Director may suspend or restrict the physician's licence as referred to in subsection (a) even without such a recommendation, provided that he has consulted the Attorney General or his deputy and that the physician has been given an adequate opportunity to present his arguments before them.

Extension of Suspension§

44b.

Where a physician's licence has been suspended pursuant to section 44a, or the scope of his practice has been restricted and a complaint has been submitted against him pursuant to section 41, the Director may, on the recommendation of the committee established pursuant to section 44(a), extend the period of suspension or restriction until the Minister's decision pursuant to section 41, or cancel the suspension or restriction.

Appeal against Suspension or Restriction of Licence by the Director§

44c.
(a)A physician whose licence has been suspended or restricted pursuant to section 44a, 44b or 44d may appeal against the suspension or restriction to a District Court.
(b)The District Court may cancel the suspension or restriction, vary it or impose conditions thereon.
(c)The suspension or restriction shall remain in force until a final decision on the appeal, unless the court has decided otherwise.
(d)The Minister of Justice may make Regulations regarding the time for filing appeals pursuant to this section and the procedure therefor.

Special Provisions Regarding a Licensed Physician Convicted of a Sexual Offence§

44d.
(a)
(1)The licence of a licensed physician who has been convicted of a sexual offence or of an offence under the Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law, 5758-1998, shall be suspended from the date of his conviction until the Director's decision in his matter pursuant to subsection (b) or the Minister's decision pursuant to section 41, whichever is earlier; this disciplinary measure shall be taken in place of any other temporary disciplinary measure that has been taken against him under this Ordinance, if any has been taken;
(2)A physician who has been convicted of an offence as referred to in paragraph (1) shall report his conviction to the Director immediately, and may request the Director to cancel the suspension of the licence, to shorten the period of suspension or to impose restrictions on the scope of his practice in lieu thereof;
(3)In this section —

"convicted" — including a defendant whom the court has determined committed the offence, or a person whom the court has found to have performed the act constituting the offence pursuant to section 15(b) of the Mental Health Treatment Law, 5751-1991;

"sexual offence" — any of the following: an offence under section 214(b) to (b3) of the Penal Law, 5737-1977, an offence listed in Section E of Chapter X of that Law, except for an offence under section 352 thereof, or an offence of sexual abuse of a minor or a helpless person under section 368c of that Law.

(b)Where a physician's licence has been suspended as referred to in subsection (a), the Director shall decide, on the recommendation of a special committee that he shall appoint for this purpose (in this section — special committee), whether to cancel the suspension of the licence, to extend the period of suspension by a further period to be determined by him, or to restrict the scope of the physician's practice for a period to be determined by him; a physician may request that no committee be appointed in his matter, and if he has made such a request — the suspension of the licence shall remain in force until the Minister's decision pursuant to section 41.
(c)Where the committee to be appointed as referred to in subsection (b) has been constituted, the members of the special committee shall be those of the special committee pursuant to section 44a(a), with the following modifications:
(1)in addition to the members of the committee as aforesaid, a representative with training, knowledge and experience in the field of sexual harm shall be appointed;
(2)the committee shall include at least one woman.
(d)The Director shall appoint the special committee within one month of the earliest of the following dates:
(1)the date of receipt of the report from the physician of his conviction as referred to in subsection (a)(2), or the date of receipt of the physician's request as referred to in that subsection;
(2)the date of receipt of notification from the court pursuant to section 56(a1) regarding the physician's conviction;
(3)the date on which the Director learned of the conviction.
(e)
(1)The special committee shall submit its recommendation to the Director no later than 14 days from the date of its appointment, provided that it has given the physician an adequate opportunity to present his arguments, and the victim of the offence or a person on his behalf — an opportunity to express his position before it; the Director may, in special circumstances, on the application of the committee, extend the said period by one additional period only, not exceeding thirty days;
(2)The Director's decision as referred to in subsection (b) shall be made within 14 days of the date of receipt of the special committee's recommendation as referred to in paragraph (1).
(f)Where the Director has decided, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b), on the suspension of the licence for a further period or on the restriction of the scope of the physician's practice for a period determined by him, his decision shall remain in force until the end of the period he has determined or until the Minister's decision in the physician's matter pursuant to section 41, whichever is earlier; a variation of such a decision shall be made on the recommendation of the special committee and in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e)(1).
(g)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c), where the Minister has appointed a committee in the matter of a physician who was convicted pursuant to section 44(a), prior to the conviction, the Director may direct that that committee be the committee that shall make recommendations to him for the purpose of a decision pursuant to subsection (b).
(h)Where a complaint has been submitted against a physician pursuant to section 41, after his conviction, the special committee shall also deliberate his matter for the purpose of giving an Order pursuant to the provisions of section 41, and the provisions of section 44 shall apply in that regard, unless the Minister has directed that the committee that shall deliberate the physician's matter be the committee pursuant to section 44(a).
(i)A licensed physician may request the Director to extend the time limits prescribed in this section, provided that the suspension of the licence shall remain in force until the Director's decision pursuant to subsection (b).
(j)The provisions of this section shall not apply if a decision pursuant to section 41 has been given in the physician's matter or if a decision pursuant to section 44b to extend the period of suspension of his licence until the Minister's decision pursuant to section 41 was given prior to his conviction.

Director's Power to Revoke a Licence§

45.

Where the Director is satisfied that a licensed physician has died, or is no longer entitled to reside permanently in Israel, the Director may, by Order signed by him, revoke a licence granted to the physician under this Ordinance.

Return of Licence§

46.

A licence in respect of which an order of revocation or suspension has been made shall be delivered by the licence holder, or, if the holder has died, by the holder's legal personal representative, to the Director.

Appeal against an Order under Section 41§

47.
(a)A person aggrieved by an Order made under section 41 may appeal against it to the District Court within three months from the day on which the person received notice of the making of the Order.
(b)(Repealed)

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