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OrdinanceHealth

Physicians Ordinance [New Version], 5737-1976

פקודת הרופאים [נוסח חדש], תשל"ז-1976

Published: 1976-12-16Consolidated Hebrew text as of 2025-08-07 · Last amended 2025-04-03✓ Amendment status checked against the Knesset legislation record on 2026-09-29
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Unofficial English translation — for reference only. It may contain errors or omissions and cannot be relied on as a legal text. Only the Hebrew text published in Reshumot is legally binding.More

This English text was translated from the official Hebrew using a range of translation tools, and it undergoes ongoing checks and updates. It is not a certified translation.

Despite these checks, it may contain errors, omissions, or imprecise renderings of legal terminology and cross-references, and it may not yet reflect the latest amendments. It cannot be relied upon as a legal text.

The Hebrew text as published in Reshumot (ספר החוקים) and on the Knesset website is the sole authoritative and legally binding version. In any discrepancy, the Hebrew text prevails.

This translation is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For use in legal proceedings, request a certified Expert Legal Opinion.

Chapter I: Interpretation

Definitions§

1.

In this Ordinance —

"hospital" — as its meaning in the Public Health Ordinance, 1940;

"diploma" — including any degree, certificate, status, qualification or document granted by a university or other body, or by the government of a country or place, or by persons acting by virtue thereof;

"personal authorisation" — a personal authorisation given by a specialist physician to a physician associate pursuant to the provisions of section 17f, which has been approved pursuant to section 17h;

"the Scientific Council" — the Scientific Council of the Israel Medical Association, and in its absence — whoever the Minister considers to fulfil its functions;

"the Director" — the Director General of the Ministry of Health, including the Deputy Director General and any office holder in the Ministry of Health whom the Director has appointed to carry out functions under this Ordinance;

"patient" — including any person who requires a physician;

"Health Professions Practice Regulation Law" — the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law, 5768-2008;

"endangering disease" — (Repealed)

"practice of medicine" — examination of patients and injured persons, their diagnosis, treatment, the issuing of prescriptions for them, supervision of women in connection with pregnancy and childbirth, or other services ordinarily rendered by a physician;

"physician associate" — as defined in the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law;

"speciality branches" — as their meaning under section 17;

"specialist physician" — a licensed physician who is a specialist in accordance with Regulations made under section 17;

"licence" — including a temporary permit, a restricted permit and a special licence;

"the Minister" — the Minister of Health.

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Chapter II: Exclusivity of Medical Practice

Licensed Physician§

2.

A person who holds a licence under this Ordinance is a licensed physician entitled to practise medicine.

Exclusivity of Practice§

3.
(a)A person who is not a licensed physician shall not practise medicine and shall not hold himself out, expressly or by implication, as practising medicine or as being ready to practise it.
(b)Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent —
(1)a licensed dental surgeon, a licensed pharmacist, or a person entitled to practise midwifery — from practising their profession under the Ordinances applicable to them;
(2)a nurse or any other person — from nursing patients;
(3)any person — from giving advice or treatment, incidentally and without fee or reward, or from working under the direct personal supervision of a licensed physician.
(4)a podiatrist and a surgical podiatrist as defined in the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law, 5768-2008 — from performing acts permitted to them by Regulations prescribed by the Minister.
(5)a physician associate — from performing medical acts in accordance with the provisions of section 26a of the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law.

Those Entitled to Receive a Licence§

4.
(a)A person in whom all of the following conditions are fulfilled is entitled to receive a licence to practise medicine:
(1)the person is of good character;
(2)the person has a medical education;
(3)the person has passed examinations prescribed by the Director, in consultation with the Scientific Council, unless the person has a medical education as referred to in subsection (b)(1);
(4)the person is an Israeli citizen or holds a permanent residency permit in Israel.
(5)the person has a basic knowledge of the Hebrew language.
(a1)The Director may, after consultation with the Scientific Council and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, prescribe by Regulations conditions for the grant of an exemption from the obligation to sit examinations as referred to in subsection (a)(3), in whole or in part.
(a2)The Minister, with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, shall prescribe provisions regarding the basic knowledge of the Hebrew language.
(b)The following are persons with a medical education for the purposes of subsection (a):
(1)a person to whom a faculty or school of medicine at an institution of higher education in Israel has conferred a degree attesting to the completion of a course of study as a physician, provided that the Council for Higher Education has recognised that institution and that degree;
(2)a person who has studied medicine at a university or school of medicine abroad recognised by the Director, to whom a diploma recognised by the Director has been awarded and who has completed an internship period whose duration and conditions the Director has recognised.

Exclusivity of Title§

5.
(a)A person shall not use the title "physician", "medical practitioner", "surgeon" or a similar title, in words or in letters, that implies that the person has medical qualifications, unless the person is a licensed physician; however, nothing in this provision shall prevent a physician associate from using the person's title.
(b)The use of the title "surgical podiatrist" in accordance with the provisions of the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law, 5768-2008, shall not be regarded as a contravention of the provisions of subsection (a).

Prohibition on Employing a Person Who Is Not a Licensed Physician§

6.

A person shall not employ a person who is not a licensed physician in acts that constitute the practice of medicine; nothing in this provision shall prevent the employment of any of the following:

(1)an intern, with the Director's permission and subject to the conditions of that permission;
(2)a physician associate — if the employer also employs the specialist physician who gave the physician associate the personal authorisation;
(3)a physician associate — by the specialist physician who gave the physician associate the personal authorisation.

Employment of Nurses, Paramedics and Assistants§

7.

A licensed physician may employ, under the physician's personal supervision, nurses, paramedics and assistants in connection with the physician's professional practice, but shall not permit any person who is not a licensed physician to treat, supervise or perform surgery on a patient where the matter requires the professional judgment or skill of a physician.

Recovery of Fees§

8.

A person who is not a licensed physician shall not be able to recover in court a fee or other payment for work or service performed by the person which, under this Ordinance, ought to have been performed by a licensed physician or a physician associate, as the case may be, and the same applies to payment for a drug the person prescribed and supplied.

Prohibition on Use of Unauthorised Title§

9.

A licensed physician shall not assume a title or description that would reasonably be construed as implying that the physician holds professional status or qualifications other than those actually held by the physician and specified in the application submitted for a licence to practise medicine — or in another application if acquired thereafter — and approved by the Director, and shall not use such a title or description in connection with the physician's professional work or premises, and shall not display them on the physician's premises; however, the physician may use the title "Doctor".

Other Occupation§

10.
(a)A licensed physician shall not engage in another occupation in circumstances in which a conflict of interests between the physician's practice as a licensed physician and the other occupation is liable to arise.
(b)Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of subsection (a), the Minister shall, in consultation with the Israel Medical Association and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, prescribe circumstances that shall be regarded as circumstances in which a conflict of interests as referred to in subsection (a) is liable to arise.

Restrictions on Advertising§

11.
(a)A licensed physician shall not, directly or indirectly, advertise the physician's practice in a manner that is liable to mislead, or that constitutes harm to the dignity of the profession, or that is contrary to Regulations made under subsection (c).
(b)The Minister of Health, in consultation with the Israel Medical Association and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, may prescribe types, forms and methods of advertising —
(1)that are liable to mislead;
(2)that constitute harm to the dignity of the profession.
(c)The Minister of Health, in consultation with the Israel Medical Association and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, may prescribe prohibitions on types, forms and methods of advertising that constitute harm to the public.
(d)A person shall not advertise the practice of medicine or the practice of a licensed physician in a manner that, had it been carried out by a licensed physician, would have been prohibited under the provisions of subsection (a).
(e)A licensed physician whose practice is being advertised by another person is obliged to do everything possible to prevent that person from acting in contravention of the provisions of subsection (d); a person who contravenes this provision is liable to a fine of one half of the fine prescribed in section 61(a)(1) of the Penal Law, 5737-1977.
(f)Where a person has contravened the provisions of subsection (d) in relation to a particular licensed physician, it shall be presumed that the physician has breached the physician's obligation under subsection (e), unless the physician proves that the physician did everything possible to fulfil that obligation.

Savings Provisions§

12.

Provisions made under section 11 are in addition to the provisions of any law.

13.§

(Repealed — תש״ס)

14.§

(Repealed — תש״ס)

Licensed Physician Not to Practise Dentistry§

15.

Nothing in this Ordinance shall authorise a licensed physician to practise dentistry otherwise than incidentally to medical treatment.

Authority to Hold Drugs and Medicines§

16.

A licensed physician may hold and use drugs and medicines necessary for the treatment of patients on the physician's premises or for emergency use, but shall not dispense or supply drugs or medicines to the physician's patients for use in their homes except in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmacists Ordinance, and the physician shall be subject to the provisions of any legislation in force with respect to the holding and use of drugs or poisons.

Specialist Titles in Branches of Medicine§

17.

The Minister may, after consultation with the Israel Medical Association, prescribe by Regulations specialist titles for the various branches of medicine and the conditions for the approval of those titles, and may require an applicant for a specialist title to pass examinations in accordance with a programme, in the manner and at the times prescribed.

Exclusivity of Acts§

17a.
(a)The Minister may, after consultation with the Israel Medical Association and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset, prescribe by Regulations —
(1)special acts of the practice of medicine that may be performed only by licensed physicians who hold certain qualifications;
(2)conditions under which a licensed physician is permitted to perform acts as referred to in paragraph (1) even if the physician does not hold the qualifications prescribed thereunder.
(b)The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prevent a licensed physician from providing emergency treatment.

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Chapter II-A: Interns

Examinations for Interns§

17b.
(a)A person who wishes to serve as an intern is required to pass examinations; the subjects of the examinations, their procedures, methods of registration and any other matter connected with them shall be prescribed by Regulations, in consultation with the Scientific Council and with the approval of the Health Committee of the Knesset.
(b)The obligation to sit examinations under subsection (a) shall not apply to a person who has completed the theoretical course of studies at a faculty or school of medicine as referred to in section 4(b)(1).

Opinion on an Intern§

17c.

The Director may refuse to grant a licence to a person in respect of whom there is no positive opinion regarding the person's work as an intern, given by the director of the hospital in which the internship was served or by a person designated by the director of the hospital for that purpose, after consultation with a committee appointed by the director of the hospital for that matter.

Application of Provisions to Interns§

17d.

The prohibitions, obligations and restrictions applying by virtue of this Ordinance to a licensed physician shall apply, with the necessary modifications, also to an intern.

Disciplinary Jurisdiction§

17e.
(a)From the commencement of the internship until the grant of the licence, a person shall be subject to disciplinary jurisdiction.
(b)The disciplinary measures that the Minister is entitled to impose on a person as referred to in subsection (a) are a warning or a reprimand.
(c)For the purposes of disciplinary jurisdiction under this section, the provisions of Chapter IV and the provisions of section 56 shall apply, with the necessary modifications.

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Chapter II-B: Personal Authorisation for a Physician Associate

Personal Authorisation for a Physician Associate§

17f.
(a)A specialist physician may give a physician associate a personal authorisation to perform, under the specialist physician's supervision, medical procedures that fall within the specialist physician's branch of speciality and actual practice, and may amend such authorisation, all provided that the specialist physician's licence is not suspended and that the specialist physician's scope of practice is not restricted in respect of those procedures under section 44a.
(b)A specialist physician shall not give a personal authorisation to a physician associate unless the specialist physician is satisfied that the physician associate possesses the knowledge, training and experience required to perform the medical procedures properly, and that the specialist physician has the capacity to exercise adequate supervision over the work of the physician associate so as to ensure the quality and safety of treatment.
(c)
(1)Each personal authorisation shall be given in respect of one branch of speciality only; a specialist physician shall not give personal authorisations in more than two branches of speciality to one physician associate;
(2)A specialist physician may give a personal authorisation to no more than three physician associates, and no more than three personal authorisations in the aggregate, in any given period;
(3)The Director may, in special and exceptional circumstances, give a specific physician associate a special written approval to receive more than three personal authorisations or personal authorisations in more than two branches of speciality.
(d)A specialist physician may give a personal authorisation to a physician associate only if both operate within the framework of the same medical institution; in this section, "medical institution" — a hospital, clinic or health fund; for this purpose —

"hospital" — as its meaning in section 24(b) of the Public Health Ordinance, 1940;

"clinic" — as defined in section 34(c) of the Public Health Ordinance, 1940;

"health fund" — as defined in the National Health Insurance Law, 5754-1994.

(e)A personal authorisation shall be given in the form prescribed by the Minister in Regulations; the form shall be published on the website of the Ministry of Health.
(f)The personal authorisation shall set out the medical procedures that the physician associate is authorised to perform, the conditions and restrictions specified therein, and subject to Regulations made under section 17m and to the Fourth Schedule to the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law.
(g)In respect of each medical procedure referred to in subsection (f), the following shall be specified:
(1)Instructions regarding the supervision by the specialist physician required pursuant to the provisions of section 17l for the purpose of ensuring that the physician associate performs the procedure at an adequate professional standard and for the purpose of ensuring the quality and safety of treatment, including, inter alia, instructions regarding guidance to the physician associate, if required, supervision of the performance of the procedure, and the availability of the specialist physician who gave the personal authorisation to the physician associate's enquiries in connection with the medical procedure;
(2)The medical institutions and places in which the physician associate is authorised to perform the procedure, subject to the provisions of subsection (d).
(h)The guidance to the physician associate, if required, the supervision of the performance of the procedure, and the availability of the specialist physician to the physician associate's enquiries as referred to in subsection (g)(1), may be provided by another specialist physician, under the supervision pursuant to section 17l of the specialist physician who gave the personal authorisation to the physician associate.
(i)A personal authorisation shall not include the possession and use of a dangerous drug or of another preparation, unless the Director has approved the authorisation in that regard or the authorisation was given by a specialist physician in a branch of speciality listed in the Sixth Schedule to the Pharmacists Ordinance; in this subsection —

"dangerous drug" — as defined in the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance [New Version], 5733-1973;

"Pharmacists Ordinance" — the Pharmacists Ordinance [New Version], 5741-1981;

"another preparation" — a preparation prescribed under section 26(a5) of the Pharmacists Ordinance.

Transfer of Responsibility for an Authorisation§

17g.
(a)A specialist physician may assume a personal authorisation given by another specialist physician to a physician associate, for a temporary period (in this section — transfer of responsibility for an authorisation), provided that all of the following conditions are met:
(1)The medical procedures under the personal authorisation fall within the specialist physician's branch of speciality and actual practice, provided that the specialist physician's licence is not suspended and that the specialist physician's scope of practice is not restricted in respect of those procedures under section 44a;
(2)The specialist physician and the physician associate operate within the framework of the same medical institution as defined in section 17f(d);
(3)The specialist physician has obtained the consent of the specialist physician who gave the authorisation and the consent of the physician associate;
(4)The director of the medical institution by which the specialist physician is employed has approved the transfer;
(5)The specialist physician has delivered written notice to the Ministry of Health, together with the consents and approval under paragraphs (3) and (4), in the form published by the Director on the Ministry's website; in such notice the specialist physician may give notice of the exclusion of certain medical procedures that the physician associate shall not be authorised to perform under the specialist physician's supervision pursuant to the personal authorisation;
(6)The cumulative total period of the transfer of responsibility for the authorisation to the same physician associate shall not exceed 45 days in the aggregate in the same calendar year;
(7)The total number of personal authorisations given by the specialist physician, together with the personal authorisation to be assumed under this section, shall not exceed four personal authorisations.
(b)The transfer of responsibility for the authorisation shall apply during the temporary period specified in the notice referred to in subsection (a)(5).

Approval of a Personal Authorisation and its Validity§

17h.
(a)A personal authorisation and any amendment thereto, other than the exclusion of medical procedures, a shortening of validity or a cancellation as referred to in subsection (d), require the approval of the Director; the Director shall deliver to the physician associate notice of the approval of the authorisation or of the approval of the amendment as aforesaid, and their validity shall be from the date of delivery of such notice.
(b)The Director shall not approve a personal authorisation or an amendment thereto unless satisfied that all of the following conditions have been met:
(1)The physician associate possesses the knowledge, training and experience required to perform the medical procedures properly;
(2)Adequate supervision by the specialist physician over the work of the physician associate has been secured;
(3)The personal authorisation and its conditions are such as to ensure that the medical procedures are performed properly and safely;
(4)The authorisation meets the conditions under this Ordinance and under the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law.
(c)
(1)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the Director may authorise the director of a medical institution, in accordance with conditions prescribed by the Minister, to give approval for personal authorisations in respect of the performance of medical procedures at that medical institution, except for a special approval under section 17f(c)(3) and approval of an authorisation for a procedure under section 17f(i) (in this section — authorisation); authorisation shall not be given before the 10th of Elul 5788 (1 September 2028);
(2)The director of the medical institution who has received authorisation shall decide on applications for approvals in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b), and the provisions of this Chapter concerning a personal authorisation that apply to the Director shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the director of the medical institution;
(3)The director of a medical institution who has received authorisation shall notify the Director in writing of decisions made in respect of the approval, amendment or cancellation of a personal authorisation, and the Director shall deliver written notice thereof to the physician associate; the validity of an approval, amendment or cancellation as aforesaid shall be from the date of delivery of the Director's notice to the physician associate.
(d)The validity of a personal authorisation shall be for two years from the date of its approval, and the specialist physician may cancel it, shorten its validity or exclude medical procedures from it, provided that the specialist physician has given the physician associate advance notice of one day for each month during which the physician associate held a personal authorisation from the specialist physician, and no more than 30 days; a specialist physician shall deliver to the Director immediate notice of a cancellation, shortening of validity or exclusion as aforesaid, specifying the date on which they take effect.
(e)The Director shall publish on the website of the Ministry of Health information on personal authorisations that have been given, which shall include the following particulars:
(1)The name of the physician associate who received the personal authorisation;
(2)The name of the specialist physician who gave the personal authorisation;
(3)The branch of speciality in respect of which the personal authorisation was given;
(4)The validity of the personal authorisation.

Cancellation, Suspension, Restriction or Conditioning of a Personal Authorisation§

17i.
(a)If the Director considers that one of the following circumstances has arisen in respect of a personal authorisation, the Director may cancel it, direct that amendments be made to it, restrict it or subject it to conditions:
(1)It has ceased to meet the conditions under this Ordinance or under the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law;
(2)It was given on the basis of incorrect or false information;
(3)In the circumstances of the matter, it is not effective and justified for it to remain in force.
(b)The Director shall not make a decision as referred to in subsection (a) unless the Director has given the physician associate and the specialist physician, and if the authorisation was approved under section 17h(c) — also the director of the medical institution, an opportunity to present their arguments; however, if the Director is satisfied that there is concern of a serious danger to public health, the Director may suspend the validity of the personal authorisation forthwith, by a reasoned decision, provided that the Director gives the aforementioned parties an opportunity to present their arguments as soon as possible after the suspension, and no later than 14 days from the date of the decision.
(c)The Director's decision shall take effect upon delivery of notice thereof to the physician associate.

Inspectors§

17j.
(a)The Minister shall authorise, from among the employees of the Minister's office, inspectors who shall be vested with the powers under this Chapter, in whole or in part.
(b)A person shall not be authorised as an inspector under subsection (a) unless all of the following conditions are met:
(1)The person has not been convicted of an offence that, by reason of its nature, gravity or circumstances, renders the person unfit, in the Minister's opinion, to serve as an inspector;
(2)The person has received appropriate training in the area of the powers to be vested in the person under this Chapter, as directed by the Minister;
(3)The person meets such additional eligibility conditions as the Minister has directed.
(c)For the purpose of supervising compliance with the provisions of this Chapter, inspectors shall be vested with the following powers:
(1)To enter any place where there are reasonable grounds to believe that a physician associate is performing a medical procedure therein, or a medical institution in which personal authorisations are given or approved, provided that an inspector shall not enter premises used as a dwelling except pursuant to an order of a court;
(2)To require any person to provide the inspector with the person's name and address and to produce before the inspector an identity card or other official identifying document;
(3)To require any person concerned to provide any information or document capable of securing or facilitating compliance with the provisions of this Chapter; in this paragraph, "document" — including a printout as defined in the Computers Law, 5755-1995.

Prohibition of Receipt of Consideration§

17k.
(a)A specialist physician shall not receive any consideration from a physician associate for giving a personal authorisation or for supervising a physician associate.
(b)A specialist physician shall not give a personal authorisation to a physician associate if the specialist physician is subordinate to the authority of the physician associate, including where the specialist physician is employed by the physician associate.

Duty of Supervision of a Specialist Physician§

17l.
(a)A specialist physician who has given a personal authorisation to a physician associate, as well as a specialist physician to whom responsibility for a personal authorisation has been transferred under section 17g, shall act in accordance with the following provisions:
(1)They shall supervise the physician associate to the extent, in the type, at the frequency and in the manner appropriate to the branch of speciality in respect of which the personal authorisation was given, the complexity of the medical procedure, the work environment in which the medical procedure is performed, the knowledge, training and experience of the physician associate, and the duration of the joint work of the specialist physician and the physician associate, all in order to ensure that the physician associate performs the medical procedures at an adequate professional standard and that the quality and safety of treatment are maintained;
(2)They shall take reasonable measures to prevent the performance of medical procedures listed in the Fourth Schedule to the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law and to ensure that the physician associate performs the medical procedures at an adequate professional standard while maintaining the quality and safety of treatment.
(b)If a specialist physician who has given a personal authorisation to a physician associate, or to whom responsibility for a personal authorisation has been transferred under section 17g, is prevented from fulfilling the duty of supervision imposed upon the specialist physician under this section, the specialist physician shall cancel the authorisation immediately, and notice thereof shall be delivered to the Ministry of Health by the specialist physician or by a person acting on the specialist physician's behalf; if the physician associate becomes aware of such prevention, the physician associate shall not act pursuant to the personal authorisation even if it has not yet been cancelled.

Regulations and Instructions — Chapter II-B§

17m.
(a)The Minister may prescribe Regulations regarding restrictions that shall apply to the giving of a personal authorisation, in accordance with criteria to be prescribed by the Minister, and may prescribe medical procedures that a specialist physician is not permitted to include in an authorisation or is permitted to include in an authorisation subject to certain conditions, as prescribed; criteria under this subsection may relate, inter alia, to the types of medical procedures, to the knowledge, training and experience of the physician associate, to the duration of the joint work of the specialist physician and the physician associate, to the place of performance of the medical procedure, to the type of medical institution, and to whether the medical institution in which the physician associate operates is public or private.
(b)The Minister may prescribe rules regarding the making of amendments to personal authorisations and regarding the frequency of such amendments.
(c)The Director may give instructions on the following matters:
(1)Detailing the medical procedures included in the various types of procedures prescribed by the Minister under subsection (a), in accordance with the criteria prescribed by the Minister;
(2)The manner of supervision by the specialist physician, and the Director may prescribe for this purpose different rules applicable to different types of medical procedures;
(3)The manner of guidance, supervision and availability for the physician associate's enquiries required as part of the supervision under this Chapter, and the Director may prescribe for this purpose different rules applicable to different types of medical procedures.

Penalties — Chapter II-B§

17n.
(a)The provisions of section 54 shall not apply in respect of this Chapter.
(b)A specialist physician who receives consideration from a physician associate for giving a personal authorisation or for supervising a physician associate, contrary to the provisions of section 17k(a), or who gives a personal authorisation to a physician associate while the specialist physician is subordinate to the authority of the physician associate, including where employed by the physician associate, contrary to the provisions of section 17k(b), is liable — to the fine prescribed in section 61(a)(2) of the Penal Law, 5737-1977.
(c)A specialist physician who fails to carry out supervision, contrary to the provisions of section 17l(a)(1), or who fails to take reasonable measures to prevent the performance of medical procedures listed in the Fourth Schedule to the Health Professions Practice Regulation Law and to ensure that the physician associate performs the medical procedures at an adequate professional standard, contrary to the provisions of section 17l(a)(2), is liable — to the fine prescribed in section 61(a)(1) of the Penal Law, 5737-1977.

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OrdinanceHealth

פקודת הרופאים [נוסח חדש], תשל"ז-1976

Physicians Ordinance

Physicians Law

Physicians Ordinance 1976

Pekudat Rofim

Medical Practitioners Ordinance

Doctors Ordinance

Medical licensing law

Healthcare practitioners regulation

Professional medical regulation